基于地貌形态学交融的现代曲流河道迁移构型表征  

Geomorphology Processes of Channel Planform Migration on Modern Meandering Rivers

作　　者：林志鹏[1,2] 单敬福 陈乐[1,2] 孙千军[3] 王义武 汪菲 LIN ZhiPeng;SHAN JingFu;CHEN Le;SUN QianJun;WANG YiWu;WANG Fei(Key Laboratory of Exploration Technologies for Oil and Gas Resources,Ministry of Education,Yangtze University,Wuhan 430100,China;School of Geosciences,Yangtze University,Wuhan 430100,China;School of Energy Resources,China University of Geosciences,Beijing 100083,China;School of Earth and Space Sciences,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China;Gas Production Company of Daqing Oilfield Limited Company,Daqing,Heilongjiang 163000,China)

机构地区：[1]长江大学油气资源与勘探技术教育部重点实验室,武汉430100 [2]长江大学地球科学学院,武汉430100 [3]中国地质大学能源学院,北京100083 [4]北京大学地球与空间科学学院,北京1008715 [5]大庆油田采气分公司,黑龙江大庆163000

出　　处：《沉积学报》2018年第3期427-445,共19页Acta Sedimentologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41372125);国家科技重大专项(2016ZX05063002-006)~~

摘　　要：曲流河道地貌迁移规律是重建与恢复古河道储层构型与历史演变的基础,是预测未来迁移演化趋势的前提,目前正成为国际河流沉积演化研究的热点。通过地貌形态学与河流沉积学的学科交融,以额尔齐斯河和诺威特纳河两条典型天然曲流河道为研究对象,结合Google Earth和ACME Mapper技术获取高分辨率历史卫星图像,提出现代曲流河道地貌迁移构型表征新方法与思路。在前人基础上,综合采用28种刻画要素对曲流河道平面构型进行层次解剖,更加精准定义弯度指数(S)与曲率(C),并首次运用3种新构型表征参数:上游偏转角(Δθ)、下游偏转角(Δθ')和扩张系数(KM),实现曲流河道迁移构型表征的定量过程学分析。通过对12条优选典型河曲的构型刻画,表征6种迁移结构:对称扩张、上游旋转扩张、下游旋转扩张、对称收敛、上游旋转收敛和下游旋转收敛结构,归纳出9种迁移模式,并结合地貌过程学定量表征思路,探讨其对现今地下储层构型方法的重要指导意义,以期推进河流地貌形态学与河流沉积学的共同发展。Geomorphological migration structures are the basis to reconstruct and restore sedimentary evolution of thepaleochannel, as well as the premise to forecast migration trend of rivers. In order to figure out the regularity of geo-morphology migration structures of meandering rivers, high-resolution historical satellite images are acquired primarilythrough Google Earth and ACME Mapper. Through the fine feature characterization for the Irtysh River and the Nowit-na River, which are both well in preservation conditions of natural structures, 28 kinds of structure elements are uti-lized to depict the meandering channels. Moreover, 5 kinds of characterization parameters are proposed to make quan-titative description on the channel structure, extraordinarily, the difference of along-current deflection angle （Δθ）,the difference of counter-current deflection angle （Δθ′）, and expansion coefficient （KM） are firstly brought forwardand applied for introduction. In addition, the conception of sinuosity index （S） and curvature （C） are also differentfrom previous original definition and more meticulous. By fine anatomy of the structure for 12 typical meander loops,S, C, Δθ, Δθ′, KM factors are adopted to summarize for 6 kinds of planform migration structures： symmetrical expan-sion structure, upstream rotation expansion structure; downstream rotation expansion structure; symmetrical constric-tion structure; upstream rotation constriction structure; downstream rotation constriction structure. Ultimately, 9 mean-dering channel migration patterns are concluded and discussed. Combined with the idea of geomorphological quantita-tive characterization, the evolution of the meandering river has a certain degree of universal law and guiding role in or-der to promote the landscape morphology and fluvial sedimentology of common development.

关 键 词：曲流河道 地貌形态学 迁移模式 构型表征 表征参数 

分 类 号：P512.2[天文地球—地质学]