美国慈善基金会高等教育捐赠:决策、运行与启示  

American Charitable Foundation:Decision,Operation and Inspiration

作　　者：林成华 LIN Chenghua(School of Public Affairs,Institute of China’ s Science,Technology,Education Policy,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学公共管理学院中国科教战略研究院,杭州310058

出　　处：《重庆高教研究》2018年第3期44-55,共12页Chongqing Higher Education Research

基　　金：全国教育科学规划教育部重点课题"大宗筹款运动及其对双一流建设的启示"(DIA160332)

摘　　要：在美国高等教育捐赠发展史上,慈善基金会的出现是一个重要的里程碑。慈善基金会在增加美国高等教育办学经费、促进高校前沿科学研究、关注高校弱势群体、提升高等教育质量、优化高等教育治理等方面发挥了不可替代的积极作用。美国慈善基金会主要有独立基金会、运作基金会、企业基金会和社区基金会4种类型,慈善基金会捐赠决策主要受基金会发展战略、任务环境和理性决策等核心要素影响。慈善基金会在美国高等教育中承担着政府与大学的中间人、大学改革和发展的合作伙伴、前沿研究与重大社会问题解决的孵化器等重要角色。慈善基金会的运作呈现出资助对象选择"精英化"、资助申请管理"专业化"、强调受助机构的能力建设、注重合作性资助、注重项目评估和问责等重要发展趋势。它对我国高等教育捐赠事业发展的启示是:大力发展慈善信托事业;引导富裕群体投身教育慈善;扶持教育慈善基金会发展;推进基金管理专业能力建设。In the history of American higher education donation,the emergence of charitable foundations is an important milestone. Charitable foundation donation to higher education plays an important role in increasing the funding of higher education in the United States,promoting the frontierscientific research in universities,focusing on the vulnerable groups in colleges and universities,improving the quality of higher education,and optimizing the governance of higher education. There arefour types of charitable foundations in America：independent foundations,operation foundations,enterprise foundations and community foundations. The donation decisions of charitable foundations aremainly influenced by the core elements such as foundation development strategy,task environment andrational decision - making. Charitable foundations play important roles of intermediaries between government and university,partners of university reform and development,and the incubators of frontierresearch and important social problem - solving. The operation of philanthropic foundations presents animportant development trend,such as the elitism in recipient selection,professionalization in programmanagement,emphasizing the capacity building of recipient institutions,and focusing on cooperativefunding and project evaluation and accountability.

关 键 词：慈善基金会 高等教育捐赠 决策要素 合作性捐赠 能力建设 

分 类 号：G647[文化科学—高等教育学]