NaCl盐度对A^2/O工艺去除废水污染物和系统微生物的影响  

Effects of NaCl salinity on wastewater pollutants removal and microorganism in A^2/O technology process

作　　者：张兰河[1] 田蕊 陈子成[1] 郭静波[2] 贾艳萍[1] Zhang Lanhe;Tian Rui;Chen Zicheng;Guo Jingbo;Jia Yanping(School of Chemical Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, China;School of Civil and Architecture Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, China)

机构地区：[1]东北电力大学化学工程学院,吉林132012 [2]东北电力大学建筑工程学院,吉林132012

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2018年第10期231-237,共7页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.51678119;51508073);吉林省科技发展计划项目(20180201016SF;20170519013JH)

摘　　要：为了提高含盐废水的有机物去除率和脱氮效率,考察NaCl盐度对A^2/O工艺污染物去除和微生物群落的影响,采用高通量测序技术分析了厌氧区、缺氧区和好氧区的微生物群落结构,结合有机物去除和脱氮效率的变化探讨不同盐度下A^2/O工艺优势种群的演替规律,以期揭示含盐废水生物脱氮机理。结果表明:1)随着NaCl盐度的增大,A^2/O工艺污染物去除率下降,当盐度由0增大至40 g/L时,A^2/O反应器厌氧、缺氧和好氧区域COD去除率分别由52%、80%和56%下降至30%、50%和40%;厌氧区和好氧区NH4+-N去除率分别由33%和61%下降至11%和39%;缺氧区NO3--N去除率由63%下降至47%。2)与无NaCl废水相比,加入NaCl后,微生物的多样性降低;高盐度(40 g/L)与低盐度(0、10 g/L)处理的微生物群落结构差异较大;缺氧区陶氏菌属和副球菌属、好氧区梭菌属和硝化螺旋菌相对丰度的降低是导致A^2/O工艺脱氮效率下降的主要原因;厚壁菌门中的部分菌属(如Lactobacillus、Streptococcus、Tepidibacterium、Veillonella、Lachnoclostridium、Zoogloea)相对丰度增大,具有较强的耐盐性;随着盐度的增大,与脱氮相关的微生物(如变形菌门、拟杆菌门、厚壁菌门等)一直是A^2/O工艺厌氧区、缺氧区和好氧区的优势菌门,保证了不同盐度下A^2/O工艺始终具有一定的脱氮效能。A large amount of wastewater containing NaCl was produced in the rapid developed industries such as food processing, leather manufacturing and seawater recycling. The salty wastewater entered the urban sewage treatment plants and contacted with the activated sludge, and would affect the properties of activated sludge and influence the pollutant treatment efficiency. For example, the change of microbial community structure in the sewage treatment plants is known to be closely related to the pollutants’ removal efficiency of the biological wastewater treatment process. The A2/O technology process is widely applied in the wastewater treatment due to its simple processing flow and ideal denitrification performance. The growth environment for microorganisms is different in anaerobic zone, anoxic zone and oxic zone, which leads to different microbial community structure in different zones of the system. However, few studies have been performed with regard to the effects of salinity on microbial community structure in different zones of A2/O technology process, and the distribution of main populations affecting biological denitrification remains unclear. In order to provide concrete information for improving the pollutant removal efficiency, the effects of NaCl salinity variations on the microbial community structure in different zones of A2/O technology process were investigated through high-throughput sequencing by analyzing the microbial community structures in anaerobic, anoxic and oxic zones. The results showed that： 1） With the increase of NaCl salinity, COD removal efficiency decreased. For example, when the salinity increased from 0 to 40 g/L, the COD removal efficiency decreased from52%, 80% and 56% to 30%, 50% and 40% in anaerobic, anoxic and oxic zones, respectively, while the removal efficiency of NH4＋-N decreased from 33% and 61% to 11% and 39% in anaerobic zone and oxic zone, respectively, and the removal efficiency of NO3--N in anoxic zones decreased form 63% to 47%. 2） Compared with wastewater

关 键 词：废水 盐分 污泥 A2/O工艺 微生物群落结构 生物脱氮 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]