水肥耦合效应对设施豇豆生理特性的影响  

Effects of water-fertilizer coupling on physiological characteristics of facility planting cowpea

作　　者：殷常青[1,2] 费良军 刘利华[1] 代智光[1] 刘乐 汪爱科 YIN Changqing;FEI Liangjun;LIU Lihua;DAI Zhiguang;LIU Le;WANG Aike(Xi＇an Institute of Water Resources, Xi＇an University of Technology, Xi＇an, Shaanxi 710048, China;Ningxia Branch, CSCEC AECOM Consultants Co. Ltd., Yinchuan, Ningxia 750001, China)

机构地区：[1]西安理工大学西安水资源研究所,陕西西安710048 [2]中国市政工程西北设计研究院有限公司宁夏分公司,宁夏银川750001

出　　处：《排灌机械工程学报》2018年第3期267-276,共10页Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51479161;51279157);公益性行业科研专项(201203003)

摘　　要：为了探究设施豇豆对不同水肥耦合效应的响应,在滴灌施肥条件下试验研究了水肥耦合对温室豇豆生长、生理、产量和品质的影响,从而制定出高产、优质、高效的滴灌施肥制度.试验采用二因素三水平完全组合设计3个灌水水平、3个施肥水平,共9个处理,分析了水肥耦合对豇豆光合特性、品质及水分利用效率的影响.结果表明:滴灌施肥对豇豆株高和茎粗的影响具有统计学意义,适宜水肥配比有利于植株生长,高水高肥则引起"徒长",进而影响后期产量与品质的形成;随着生育期的推进,净光合速率、气孔导度及蒸腾速率都呈双峰曲线型变化趋势:苗期温度低,光合作用较弱,增加水肥有利于光合指标的提高,伸蔓期光合强度增强,中水高肥处理效果最佳但与中水中肥之间的差异不具有统计学意义;结荚期豇豆光合能力达到最大,并随着水肥梯度增大而先增后减,趋势变化平缓,水肥需求量最大;豇豆产量与水分利用率均随着灌水施肥定额增加而先增后减,中水中肥处理的产量最高,临界值为28 598 kg/hm2,水分利用率高达95.33 kg/m3,并且水分利用率对水分的敏感度高于肥料,水肥交互作用对其影响不具有统计学意义;综合品质指标分析,中水中肥处理各指标效果表现最好,并且能够控制硝酸盐含量增加,维生素C、可溶性糖及可溶性蛋白的质量比分别达到285.3 mg/kg,90.48 g/kg,52.82 mg/g.In order to explore the response of facility planting cowpea to water-fertilizer coupling,the effects of water-fertilizer coupling on growth,physiological,yield and quality of facility planting cowpea were studied with drip fertilization in greenhouse,so as to develop a high-yield,better quality and efficient drip fertilization system.This experiment was designed with two factors at three levels each,namely 3 irrigation levels and 3 fertilization levels,thus there were nine treatments totally.The results reveal that the effect of drip fertilization on plant height and stem diameter of cowpea is statistically sig-nificant,and a suitable water-to-fertilizer ratio is beneficial to plant growth during the whole growth period.Unfortunately,a large water-to-fertilizer ratio can cause an excessive growth,thereby affecting yield and quality formation.The net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance and transpiration rate show a bimodal curve with proceeding growth period.Specially,the photosynthesis is weaker because of a lower temperature in seeding stage,so increasing water and fertilizer is beneficial to the improvement of photosynthetic index.In sprouting period,the photosynthesis is strengthened,me-dium irrigation volume and high fertilizer level are the best,and there is no statistical significance between medium irrigation volume and medium fertilizer level.The photosynthetic capacity is the highest in pod bearing stage,increases firstly and then decreases with increasing irrigation and fertilizer levels,eventually keeps less variation,and the demand on water and fertilizer is the maximum.The yield and water use efficiency firstly increases and then decreases with increasing irrigation level and fertilizer quota.Medium irrigation volume and fair fertilizer level could improve water use efficiency without affecting yield.Under these conditions,the yield and water use efficiency have reached 28 598 kg/hm2 and95.33 kg/m3,respectively.Additionally,the water use efficiency is more sensitive to irrigation volume than to

关 键 词：设施豇豆 水肥耦合 光合特性 品质 水分利用率 

分 类 号：S275.6[农业科学—农业水土工程]