绵枣儿的开花物候与传粉特性  

Flowering phenology and pollination charateristics of Barnardia japonica

作　　者：孙颖[1] 崔兰明 李梦雨 王蕾[1] 王欢[1] 何淼[1] SUN Ying;CUI Lanming;LI Mengyu;WANG Lei;WANG Huan;HE Miao(College of Landscape Architecture,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040,China)

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学园林学院,哈尔滨150040

出　　处：《广西植物》2018年第5期608-616,共9页Guihaia

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项项目(2572017CA13)~~

摘　　要：该文对绵枣儿的开花物候与传粉特性进行了研究,分析了绵枣儿的开花进程、开花物候指数、开花物候指数对其生殖成功的影响,重点探讨了绵枣儿对传粉昆虫的种类及其活动规律。结果表明:(1)绵枣儿始花日期为7月中下旬,单株持续时间15 d左右,种群持续时间30~35 d。呈现出"M"型开花物候曲线,其两年的开花同步指数分别为0.862、0.885,表明开花的年际间差异较小。并且分析出植株的相对开花强度分布在30%~60%之间。(2)相关分析表明:绵枣儿的开花数目与坐果数和持续时间呈现出极显著正相关(P<0.01),绵枣儿的持续时间与坐果数之间呈现出显著相关(P<0.05),而其始花日期与开花数目、坐果数和持续时间并没有显现出相关性,即绵枣儿植株开花的数目越多,其坐果率越高,持续时间也就越长。(3)绵枣儿的访花昆虫总共有14种,可分属为5目10科。其中传粉昆虫有5科10种。该研究结果表明各传粉昆虫在单花停留的时间和其访花频率上呈现出显著的差异,在日访花频率上也差异明显。This paper mainly included the research of flowering phenology and pollination charateristics of Barn ardia japonica , the duration and flowering phenology index of B. japonicas , and the influence of flowering phenology index of B. japonica on the reproduction of flower, the species and activities of pollinating insects were expounded. The results were as follows： （1） B. japonica bloomed in middle and late July, the duration of a single plant was about 15 d, the duration of the population lasted about 30-35 d, and the duration of the population was “M ” type. The flowering synchronization index in two years were 0.862 and 0.885, there was little difference between these two years, and the relative flowering intensity of each plant was mainly distributed between 30% and 60%. （2） According to the correlation analysis, there were significant positive correlations （ P 〈0.01） among the flower numbers, the fruit setting numbers and the length of duration, and the duration was significantly correlated （ P 〈0.05） with the fruit setting numbers, but there was no correlation between either beginning flowering time and flower numbers, or between fruit numbers and duration. It means that the more are there flowers, the more are the fruit setting rates, and the longer the duration. （3） There were totally fourteen species of insects which visited flowers belonging to five orders and ten families in two years, of which the pollinating insects belonged to five families and ten species. All the analyses indicate that there are significant differences between pollinating insects’ staying time on a single flower and visiting frequency, and there are obvious differences on daily visiting frequency.

关 键 词：绵枣儿 开花物候 传粉特性 

分 类 号：Q949.9[生物学—植物学] S682.2[农业科学—观赏园艺]