可溶物对绝缘子有效污秽度的影响  

Effect of Soluble Contaminants on the Effective Pollution Degree of Insulators

作　　者：蒋兴良[1] 刘又超 刘要峰 张欢 李永福 张志劲[1] JIANG Xingliang1, LIU Youchao1,2, LIU Yaofeng2, ZHANG Huan2, LI Yongfu3, ZHANG Zhijin1(1. State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment ＆ System Security and New Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China; 2. Maintenance Company, State Grid Hunan Electric Power Company, Changsha 410004, China; 3. Electric Power Research Institute, State Grid Chongqing Electric Power Company, Chongqing 401123, Chin)

机构地区：[1]重庆大学输配电装备及系统安全与新技术国家重点实验室,重庆400030 [2]国网湖南省电力公司检修公司,长沙410004 [3]国网重庆市电力公司电力科学研究院,重庆401123

出　　处：《高电压技术》2018年第5期1483-1489,共7页High Voltage Engineering

基　　金：国家电网公司科技项目(SGTYHT/14–JS–188)~~

摘　　要：绝缘子表面在自然条件下会积累不同种类的污秽成分,而其中绝大多数属于可溶物,并且不同可溶物对绝缘子污闪的影响存在差异。为此,以LXY4-160型标准悬式玻璃绝缘子为试品,依次用氯化钠、硝酸钠、硫酸钠、硝酸钾、硝酸铵、硝酸镁、硫酸镁、硫酸钙这8种可溶物对绝缘子染污,开展了大量的人工污秽试验,得到了不同可溶物的溶解特性及其污闪特性规律。研究结果表明：不同可溶物下的绝缘子闪络电压梯度存在差异,而电导率是导致这一结果的主要原因之一;但是同类型的盐对绝缘子闪络电压梯度的影响差别不大,其差异都小于5%;此外,根据各类可溶物的闪络电压梯度的差异与占比提出了各自对应的权重,由此得到了典型污秽成分的有效污秽度,并得出了有效污秽度与闪络电压梯度的关系式,由此关系式得出的绝缘子闪络电压梯度的计算值与试验值的正负相对误差在5%以内。该研究结果可以为准确评估不同地区污秽等级提供参考。In natural conditions, different kinds of compositions of contaminants will accumulate on the surface of insulators, and many of them are soluble contaminants, which have an influence on the flashover characteristics of insulators. Consequently, taking a standard LXY4–160 insulator is taken as research subject, we performed artificial tests in which insulators were contaminated with soluble contaminants Na Cl, Na NO3, Na2 SO4, KNO3, NH4 NO3, Mg（NO3）2, Mg SO4, and Ca SO4. And the dissolution and pollution flashover characteristics were obtained. The research results show that the flashover voltage gradient of insulator is different under various soluble contaminants, as the conductivity is one of main causes. However, the same kind of soluble contaminants has similar effect on the flashover voltage gradient of insulators, the difference is less than 5%. In addition, by taking the flashover voltage gradient and percentage of different kind of soluble contaminant into account, the weight of each kind of soluble contaminant is obtained. As a result, the effective pollution degree of typical contaminant is put forward and the formula between flashover voltage gradient and effective pollution degree is presented. And the relative error is less than 5% between the calculated value and the test value according to the formula. It has a reference value to assess the contamination level in different areas.

关 键 词：绝缘子 污秽成分 可溶物 闪络电压梯度 等值盐密 有效污秽度 

分 类 号：TM216[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]