滨海湿地不同群落对土壤磷的有效性影响研究  

Effects of Plant Communities on Soil Phosphorus Availability in Coastal Wetlands

作　　者：靖淑慧 刘加珍[1] 陈永金[1] 张天举[1] JING Shu-hui;LIU Jia-zhen;CHEN Yong-jin;ZHANG Tian-ju(School of Environment and Planning, Liaocheng University, LiaoCheng 252059, Chin)

机构地区：[1]聊城大学环境与规划学院,山东聊城252059

出　　处：《土壤通报》2018年第2期392-401,共10页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(40901276);聊城大学基金项目(318011407)资助

摘　　要：为探究黄河三角洲不同群落对土壤磷的影响,采用统计学方法对柽柳、碱蓬、芦苇、棉花4种典型群落的土壤全磷、速效磷的差异及磷有效性进行分析,结果表明:土壤剖面上,各群落土壤全磷在20 cm以上缓慢递减,20 cm以下波动上升;0~5 cm表层全磷含量在0.55~0.65 g kg^(-1)之间。速效磷在垂直剖面上表现为由表层及深层逐渐递减,表层土壤速效磷为棉田>碱蓬>柽柳>芦苇。垂直剖面上,深层土壤磷的变异系数明显高于表层变异系数,且速效磷变异性高于全磷变异性。研究区土壤磷供应强度较小,磷有效性最高达0.94%;棉田受有机肥的影响在10~20 cm土层形成极高的磷有效性,芦苇通过根际土壤磷素的耗竭效应与累积效应,减少了土壤中速效磷含量,降低了磷有效性;碱蓬土壤较高的pH值有利于土壤速效磷含量的增加,从而提高了磷有效性。棉田土壤磷受灌溉、施肥、耕作等随机因素的影响为高变异高有效类型;碱蓬群落磷有效性高,植物吸收利用相对较少导致其为低变异高有效型;而芦苇群落为低变异低有效型。To investigate the effects of different vegetation types on soil phosphorus（P） in the Yellow River Delta, we analyzed the characteristics of total P（TP） and available P（AP） in four communities of Tamarix chinensis, Suaeda glauca, Phragmites communis and Cotton field, and analyzed the P availability using the statistical methods. The results showed that the content of soil TP varied from 0.56 to 0.60 g kg^-1 at the top of 0-5 cm layer and decreased slowly at 0 to 20 cm depth, but increased again below 20 cm layer. In the soil vertical profile, the content of AP gradually decreased from topsoil to deeper soil layer. The AP contents at 0-5 cm layer showed the descending orders： cottons〉 Suaeda glauca 〉 Tamarix chinensis 〉 Phragmites communis. The variation coefficient of soil TP was obviously higher at the deeper soil layer, and it was lower than that of AP. In the study area, the supply intensity of soil TP was small and P availability reached to 0.94%. High P availability in cotton field occurred at 10-20 cm layer due to organic fertilizer. And the depletion and accumulation of soil P in rhizosphere reduced the availability of soil P in reeds field. The high soil pH in Suaeda glauca community increased the P availability. Soil P in cotton, affected by random factors such as irrigation, fertilization and cultivation, was characterized with high variability and high availability. In Suaeda glaucas community, the high availability of soil TP and low P absorption by plants led to the low P variability and high availability. While Phragmites communis community had low P availability and variability.

关 键 词：黄河三角洲 植被群落 湿地土壤 磷有效性 磷变异性 

分 类 号：X825[环境科学与工程—环境工程]