连续施用生物炭对黑土基础理化性质的影响  

Effects of Continuous Application of Biochar on the Basic Physicochemical Properties of Black Soil

作　　者：王冲[1] 王玉峰[2] 谷学佳[2] 李建东[1] 王一丁[3] 张庆忠[3] WANG Chong;WANG Yu-feng;GU Xue-jia;LI Jian-dong;WANG Yi-ding;ZHANG Qing-zhong(Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China;Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Environmental Resources, Haerbin 150086, China;Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute for Agricultural Environment and Sustainable Development, Beijing 100081, China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学,辽宁沈阳110866 [2]黑龙江省农业科学院土壤肥料与环境资源研究所,黑龙江哈尔滨150086 [3]中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《土壤通报》2018年第2期428-434,共7页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31570439)资助

摘　　要：为探明施用生物炭对东北黑土基础理化性质的影响,研究基于黑龙江地区的6年定位试验,测定了试验土壤的基础理化性质。试验共设4个处理:CK(单施氮磷钾肥)、B2.25(氮磷钾肥+2250 kg hm^(-2)a^(-1)生物炭)、B4.5(氮磷钾肥+4500kg hm^(-2) a^(-1)生物炭)和SR(氮磷钾肥+每两年10500 kg hm^(-2)玉米秸秆),3次重复,随机区组排列。结果表明:生物炭能降低黑土0~10 cm土壤容重并提高0~10 cm土壤含水量,显著提高0~20 cm黑土的pH、电导率和阳离子交换量,以及土壤碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾和有机质含量。生物炭尤其对黑土有效磷和有机质含量的提升幅度最大,且均随着生物炭施用量的增加而显著增加,其中B4.5处理的有效磷和有机质含量分别比CK提高了53.0%和39.0%。总体来看,施用生物炭能提高耕层黑土的有效肥力,且能缓解东北黑土有机质含量的下降趋势。In order to find out the effect of biochar on the physicochemical properties of Black Soil in Northeast China,this paper measured the basic physicochemical properties of the experimental soil based on a six-year location experiment in Heilongjiang Province. The plots were randomly arranged with 4 treatments of CK（only NPK fertilizers）,B2.25（NPK fertilizers ＋ 2250 kg hm^-2 a^-1 biochar）, B4.5（NPK fertilizers ＋ 4500 kg hm^-2 a^-1 biochar）, SR（NPK fertilizers ＋ 10500 kg hm^-2 maize straw per two years）. Each treatment had 3 replications. The results showed that the application of biochar reduced soil bulk density and improved soil moisture content at 0 - 10 cm depth of Black Soil.Also the pH value, electrical conductivity, cation exchange capacity, soil alkali-hydrolysable nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium and organic matter were significantly improved after the application of biochar at 0 -20 cm depth of Black Soil. In particular, the contents of available phosphorus and organic matter in Black Soil increased largely with the amount of biochar application. The contents of available phosphorus and organic matter in B4.5 treatment, respectively, increased by 53.0% and 39.0% compared with CK treatment. Overall, the application of biochar could increase the effective fertility at the plough layer of Black Soil and alleviate the decrease of organic matter in Black Soil of Northeast China.

关 键 词：生物炭 黑土 基础理化性质 土壤改良 

分 类 号：S153[农业科学—土壤学] S156[农业科学—农业基础科学]