土壤剖面结构特征对坡面产流产沙过程的影响  

Impact of Layered Soil Structure on Infiltration and Erosion Processes

作　　者：吉恒莹 邵明安[2,3] 贾小旭[3] JI Heng-ying;SHAO Min-an;JIA Xiao-xu(College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830054, China;State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A ＆ F University, Yangling 712100, China;Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China)

机构地区：[1]新疆师范大学化学化工学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830054 [2]西北农林科技大学黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100 [3]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所生态系统网络观测与模拟重点实验室,北京100101

出　　处：《土壤通报》2018年第2期441-446,共6页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41530854);新疆高校科研启动基金(XJEDU2013S26)资助

摘　　要：层状土壤在自然界普遍存在,但土壤剖面结构对降雨入渗和侵蚀过程的影响研究却相对较少。通过模拟降雨试验,系统研究了7种典型剖面结构的土壤在不同雨强下降雨入渗和产流产沙特征,以揭示土壤剖面结构特征对剖面水文过程的影响。结果表明:随降雨强度增大,各层状土壤的产流时间均变短,而径流系数和土壤侵蚀强度均增大;在相同降雨强度下,上砂下黏的土壤入渗率较大,抗侵蚀能力较强,而上黏下砂的土壤,入渗率低,在降雨过程中的产流产沙量相对较大,土壤抗侵蚀能力弱。若上层为黏土,土壤产流产沙量总体为三层组合<两层组合<单层土壤,表明层状组合层次越多,其抗侵蚀能力可能越强;而上层为砂土的剖面结构,结果则与之相反,层数增加,产流产沙量会随之增加。研究结果可为层状土壤入渗过程和侵蚀过程模型模拟提供科学依据。Soil depth profile structure has great impact on rainfall infiltration and erosion processes. A laboratory experiment was carried out to simulate infiltration and erosion processes in different layered soils and to explore the impact of layered structures on infiltration, runoff, and water erosion processes. Results showed that runoff time decreased, while runoff coefficient and the intensity of soil erosion increased with increasing rainfall intensity. Layered soils with top sand layer and bottom clay layer had higher stable infiltration rate under a given rainfall intensity, and the soil erosion was reduced. Layered soils with top clay layer and bottom sand layer yielded more sediments, and the soil erosion was increased. In general, soil with single layer had the highest yields of runoff and sediments, followed by the soils with two layers and three layers. This indicated that the intensity of soil erosion may be decreased with the increase in the numbers of soil layer. The results of this study would provide scientific basis for the modeling in layered soil infiltration and erosion processes.

关 键 词：层状土壤 入渗 径流 侵蚀 

分 类 号：S152.7[农业科学—土壤学]