水分和有机肥投入对设施菜田土壤N_2O,N_2和CO_2排放及产物比的影响  

Effects of Manure Application and Irrigation on N_2O, N_2, and CO_2 Production and Emission from a Greenhouse Vegetable Soil

作　　者：曹文超[1] 宋贺[2] 陈吉吉 郭景恒[1] 陈清[1] 王敬国[1] CAO Wen-chao;SONG He;CHEN Ji-ji l;GUO Jing-heng;CHEN Qing;WANG Jing-guo(College of Resource and Environment, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100193, China;College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100193 [2]安徽农业大学农学院,安徽合肥230036

出　　处：《土壤通报》2018年第2期469-477,共9页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41230856;41301258)资助

摘　　要：以设施菜田土壤为材料,利用Robot自动培养系统研究了有机肥施用和水分变化对N_2O排放和氮素气态损失的影响。结果表明:施用有机肥并灌水后显著增加了设施土壤N_2O和N_2的产生(P<0.05),培养一周时N_2O和N_2的排放系数分别为2.23%和14.7%,且N_2O和N_2产生速率均与土壤孔隙含水量呈极显著正相关关系(P<0.0001)。有机肥施用显著增加了土壤CO_2产生速率和O_2的消耗,且土壤呼吸速率与氮素气态(N_2O+N_2)产生速率呈极显著正相关关系(P<0.001)。N_2O产物比在有机肥施用后显著增加,土壤水分含量和有机肥均对N_2O产物比有极显著影响,且二者对N_2O产物比有交互效应(P<0.001)。由相对气体扩散系数(RD)和N_2的产生速率,可以初步判定在施用有机肥并灌水的3天内,土壤反硝化作用过程是N_2O排放和氮素气态损失的主导途径。A typical greenhouse vegetable soil in Shouguang was selected to study the effects of manure application and irrigation on N2 O emission and nitrogenous gas losses by using Robot incubation system. The results showed as follows： Compared to control treatment, the production amount of N2 O and N2 significantly（P〈 0.05） increased after manure application and irrigation. The emission coefficient of N2 O and N2 was, respectively, 2.23% and 14.7% for one week of incubation. Significant positive correlation（P〈 0.01） were observed between soil water-filled pore space（WFPS） and N2 O and N2 production rates in manure-amended soils. Manure application significantly increased soil CO2 production and O2 consumption. There was a significant positive correlation between soil respiration rate and the production rate of N2 O＋N2（P〈 0.001）. The N2 O production ratio significantly increased in the manure-amended soil and was affected by both soil moisture and manure addition. A significant interaction was also observed between N2 O production ratio and soil moisture and manure application（P〈 0.001）. In conclusion, manure application significantly increased N2 O production and nitrogenous gas losses, especially N2 emissions, in the greenhouse vegetable soil. Based on relative gas diffusivity（RD） and N2 production rate, this study concluded that denitrification was dominant pathway for N2 O emissions and nitrogenous gas losses within the first 3 days after manure application and irrigation.Consequently, reduction of the gaseous N losses in this critical period of N2 O emissions, through reasonable water and fertilizer management measures, is of great significance to improve the efficient utilization of the resources.

关 键 词：氧化亚氮 氮气 水分 有机肥 日光温室 

分 类 号：S154[农业科学—土壤学]