岩浆-热液型矿床顺向分带之成因探讨  

Discussion on genesis of normal zoning of magma-hydrothermal deposit

作　　者：魏军晓 岑况[1] 赵仑山 WEI Junxiao;CEN Kuang;ZHAO Lunshan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,China University of Geosciences（Beijing）,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(北京)地球科学与资源学院,北京100083

出　　处：《矿产与地质》2018年第1期60-66,共7页Mineral Resources and Geology

基　　金：中国地质调查局项目(编号:1212011120205)资助

摘　　要：岩浆-热液型矿床水平分带即岩浆-热液成矿流体在侵入近地表含水围岩矿化蚀变过程中元素产生顺向分带[Ni、Ta、Hf、Th、REE、W、Sn、Mo、Bi等(内带和过渡带)→Cu、Pb、Zn等(中带)→Au、Ag、Hg、Sb等(外带)]的现象。主要从矿物溶解度、元素不相容程度、亲和性以及地球化学亲缘性等地球化学角度与电负性、晶格能和生成热等化学和晶体化学等角度详细分析和探讨了岩浆-热液型矿床元素分带的原因。认为:(1)元素的分带是内因和外因综合影响的结果,单纯的一种因素不能解释众多热液矿床中的元素分带现象,元素的化学内因是导致其分带的主要因素;(2)同时,在元素周期表中对岩浆-热液型矿床中常出现的(金属)元素进行了高温、中温、低温成矿元素的地球化学分类。The horizontal zonation of magma-hydrothermal deposit is a phenomenon of variation of element distribution from center to outside forming by reaction of magmatic hydrothermal fluid or ore-forming fluid with near surface water-bearing wallrocks in the process of mineralization and alteration. An inner zone or a transition zone is formed by Ni,Ta,Hf,Th,REE, W,Sn,Mo and Bi elements,and a middle zone is formed by elements of Cu,Pb and Zn,and an outer zone is formed by elements of Au,Ag,Hg and Sb .In this study, the reasons for the zoning of elements in magmatic-hydrothermal type deposit were analyzed and discussed in detail from the geochemical perspectives of mineral solubility, elemental incompatibility, affinity and geochemical affinities,as well as electronegativity,lattice energy,and formation heat , The result of the study suggested that the element zoning is the result of both internal and external factors, in which the former plays the dominant role. Geochemical classifications of high/middle/low-temperature ore-forming elements have been made in this paper on the （metal） elements often found in magmatic-hydrothermal deposits in the Periodic Table of the elements.

关 键 词：岩浆-热液型矿床 顺向分带 矿物溶解度 不相容程度 亲和性 

分 类 号：P611.11[天文地球—矿床学]