交通道路沿线土壤多环芳烃污染及风险防控综述  

Characteristics and Risk Prevention of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Farmland Soil along Traffic Road:A Review

作　　者：熊丽君[1] 吴杰[2] 王敏[1] 唐琼 沙晨燕[1] 李大雁 唐浩[1] 吴健[1] XIONG Lijun;WU Jie;WANG Min;TANG Qiong;SHA Chenyan;LI Dayan;TANG Hao;WU Jian(Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 2002331, China;East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200235, China;East China University Normal University, Shanghai 200092, China)

机构地区：[1]上海市环境科学研究院,上海200233 [2]华东理工大学,上海200237 [3]华东师范大学,上海200241

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2018年第5期974-982,共9页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：上海市环境保护局重大项目(沪环科[2016]第5号)

摘　　要：多环芳烃(Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons,PAHs)作为一类持久性有机污染物,其具有致癌、致畸、致突变的"三致"效应,近年来受到研究者广泛关注。文章基于前人的研究成果,对交通道路沿线土壤PAHs的污染特征、来源及风险防控进行综述。在前人监测PAHs的7个区域中,城市交通沿线土壤大多受到PAHs污染,其中以印度阿萨姆邦污染最为严重,其他地区PAHs质量分数在2.750~4.694 mg·kg-1之间,以4~6环为主,大多占比50%以上。同一地区工业区与交通区土壤PAHs污染较为严重,其含量明显高于农村地区和郊区农用地,最高达5倍多;交通燃料与化石燃料的燃烧产物是交通沿线土壤PAHs的主要来源。交通道路两侧土壤中PAHs含量随着与交通道路的距离增加而降低,印度北部城市路边1 m处污染最严重,法国塞纳河盆地距交通道路40 m处达到背景值。PAHs经误食和皮肤接触对人体致癌贡献最大,日益增加的交通污染是造成PAHs危害的因素之一,可通过提高油品级别、改进发动机、完善城市交通管理、优化防护林带、修复污染土壤、种植特定农作物对交通道路沿线土壤PAHs进行防范和控制。现有研究虽然分析了交通沿线土壤的PAHs污染特征,但对交通沿线的农田土壤关注较少,其PAHs污染应引起更多重视;且PAHs风险评估有待深入研究,以提出更为科学合理的风险防控措施。该文的结论可为PAHs特征分析及风险防控研究提供基础,为保护土壤环境、控制PAHs风险以及制定生态环境政策提供参考。Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons（PAHs）, as a persistent organic pollutant with carcinogenesis, teratogenesis and mutagenesis, has drawn widespread concerns from academics and researchers. Based on previous studies, the sources identification and risk prevention of PAHs in traffic areas were reviewed in this paper. In 7 investigated districts, most of the soil along urban traffic roads was polluted by PAHs. The PAHs-related pollution in Assam, India was heavier than other 6 places. PAHs concentration in these 6 places were between 2.750 mg·kg^（-1） and 4.694 mg·kg^（-1）, and the dominant molecular structure of PAHs in these places were 4~5 ring, which accounted for more than 50%. PAHs pollution in the industrial and traffic area were more serious than other areas in the selected places, and the concentration of which was more than 5 times as much as that of the rural and suburban farmland soil. Fossil and traffic fuels burning were the main sources of PAHs in traffic areas. The concentration of PAHs in soils from roadsides decreased with the increasing of the distance from the road. The concentration of PAHs was the highest in 1 m near the roadside in a northern city of India. In the Seine River basin, France, the concentration of PAHs was close to the background values at 40 m away from the traffic road. The increasing traffic pollution was one of the factors that cause health hazards. Ingestion exposure to and skin contact with PAHs showed the largest contribution to human cancer. Improving motor vehicle fuel and engines, optimizing urban traffic management and the forest belt along traffic, repairing contaminated soil, and selecting specific crops were the important means of reducing PAHs. Many researches have analyzed the pollution characteristics of PAHs in traffic areas, but ignored the farmland soil near roadsides. More attention should be paid to that soil. The risk of PAHs needs to be further assessed for raising more prevention and control measures. The results presented in this paper provide

关 键 词：交通道路 农田土壤 多环芳烃 污染特征 风险防控 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]