未培养微生物原位培养技术研究进展  

Research Progress on in situ Cultivation of Uncultured Microorganisms

作　　者：张作艳 丁立建[1] 何山[1] ZAHNG Zuo-yan;DING Li-jian;HE Shan(LiDakSum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Marine Biopharmacentical Research Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China)

机构地区：[1]宁波大学李达三海洋生物医药研究中心,宁波315211

出　　处：《天然产物研究与开发》2018年第5期907-913,共7页Natural Product Research and Development

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41776168;41706167);宁波大学科研基金(XYL17016)

摘　　要：近几十年来,可培养微生物被不断重复培养和筛选,从中分离结构新颖、活性显著的化合物越来越困难,而这些可培养微生物却仅占微生物总数的1%。未培养微生物是指迄今为止在实验室中还无法纯培养的微生物(占99%)。为了解决未培养微生物问题,科学家们突破了传统的培养方式建立了新型原位培养技术。文章详细介绍了未培养微生物在自然环境中的多样性及重要性、微生物不可培养的原因,重点介绍研究策略以及基于原位培养技术原理发展起来的5种未培养微生物培养分离方法,指出了未培养微生物培养技术的发展方向以进一步促进难培养微生物资源的开发与利用。In the past decades,only 1% of the microorganisms were cultured and isolated repeatedly,thus it became more difficult for the potential of yielding metabolites with diverse structures and promising biological properties. Uncultured microorganisms（99%） were usually defined as＂microorganisms that could not grow in pure culture on synthetic media in vitro＂. Recently,in order to solve this problem,numerous in situ cultivation-based methods for culturing microorganisms have been developed. These methods could provide the simulated natural environment sand the intercellular communications in multispecies microbial communities,so they could improve the probability of microbial cultures. On the basis of in situ cultivation methods,some new cultivable techniques were developed,including diffusion chamber and isolation chip,etc. This review described the isolated and in situ cultivation-based methods of uncultured microorganisms and the importance of a new source of lead compounds in drug discovery.

关 键 词：未培养微生物 原位培养 天然产物 培养方法 

分 类 号：Q93-31[生物学—微生物学]