基于尖点突变模型的采空塌陷地表裂缝形成机理  

Mechanism of collapsing ground fissure formation based on cusp catastrophe model

作　　者：于秋鸽 张华兴[1,2] 邓伟男[1,2] YU Qiuge;ZHANG Huaxing;DENG Weinan(Coal Mining and Design Branch, China Coal Research Institute, Beijing 100013,China;Coal Mining and Design Department, Tiandi Science and Technology Co. ,Ltd. , Beijing 100013 ,China)

机构地区：[1]煤炭科学研究总院开采研究分院,北京100013 [2]天地科技股份有限公司开采设计事业部,北京100013

出　　处：《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2018年第2期73-77,共5页The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51604151)

摘　　要：地表裂缝的形成主要与上覆岩层移动规律有关,为了研究浅埋单一关键层煤层开采造成的地表塌陷型裂缝形成机理,本文通过建立关键层断裂的固支梁和"砌体梁"力学模型,利用尖点突变理论,从力学平衡和能量平衡的角度解释了关键层断裂的原因,推导出了关键层的初次断裂步距和周期断裂步距,分析了关键层断裂与地表裂缝形成之间的关系,利用文中推导出的公式求得大柳塔煤矿12208工作面关键层的周期断裂步距为14.9 m,与现场矿压实测周期来压步距12~15 m以及裂缝平均间距13.7 m相符。研究结果表明:关键层断裂是造成地表塌陷裂缝的主要原因,关键层断裂步距决定了裂缝间距。这对于研究类似采矿地质条件下的地表塌陷裂缝形成机理具有一定借鉴意义。The formation of ground fissure had significantly relation with the movement of overburden strata. To analyse the formation mechanism of collapsing ground fissure caused by coal mining on the conditions of shallow-burden and single critical layer,the models of clamped beam and voussoir beam model were built.Using the cusp catastrophe theory,failure reasons of the critical layer were revealed from the view of mechanical equilibrium and energy balance. At the same time,the study deduced the equations on first and periodic broken lengths of critical layer,and analysised the relationship between critical layer failure and ground fissure. By using the equations,the broken length of 12208 working face in Daliuta Colliery was predicted. The periodic result was 14. 9 m,which matched the results of field measurement. The study shows that(a） the broken of critical layer is the main reason for the formation of ground fissure,and(b） the broken length of critical layer has greatly influenced the distance between the two adjacent ground fissure.

关 键 词：浅埋单一关键层 塌陷型裂缝 尖点突变理论 固支梁模型 “砌体梁”模型 关键层断裂步距 

分 类 号：TD327[矿业工程—矿井建设]