2016年新疆地区外环境禽流感监测及职业暴露人群血清学调查  

Surveillance of avian influenza in external environment and serological survey of occupational exposure population in Xinjiang in 2016

作　　者：郜振国[1] 刘万里[1] 赵俊[1] 张璇[1] 刘红斌[1] 马合木提[1] 邓红[1] GAO Zhen-guo;LIU Wan-li;ZHAO Jun;ZHANG Xuan;LIU Hong-bin;Mahemuti;DENG Hong(Department of lnfectious Disease Prevention and Treatment,Xinjiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Urumqi Xinjiang, 830002, Chin)

机构地区：[1]新疆维吾尔自治区疾病预防控制中心传染病防治科,新疆乌鲁木齐830002

出　　处：《职业与健康》2018年第8期1034-1037,共4页Occupation and Health

摘　　要：目的了解新疆地区2016年禽流感职业暴露人群病毒感染情况及环境中禽流感病毒分布情况,为新疆地区人感染禽流感风险评估和防控提供理论依据。方法采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(PCR)方法进行环境样本H5、H7和H9病毒核酸检测,采用马血球血凝抑制实验进行职业暴露人群血清H5N6、H7N9和H9N2抗体检测。数据分析采用χ2检验。结果 499份职业暴露人群血清中H5N6、H7N9检测均为阴性,H9N2检出6份阳性,阳性率为1.2%。共采集禽流感外环境标本1 566份,检出阳性269份,阳性率为17.18%。其中检出H5阳性27份,阳性率为1.72%;H9阳性242份,阳性率为15.45%。其中城乡活禽市场及禽类饮水中阳性率最高,冬春季阳性率明显高于夏秋季。结论职业暴露人群中存在H9亚型隐形感染,环境中H9及H5病毒普遍存在,应重点关注城乡活禽市场及禽类饮水,这对于防控禽流感疫情有着重要意义。[Objective]To understand the infection status of avian influenza virus among occupational exposure population and distribution of avian influenza virus in the environment in Xinjiang in 2016,provide a theoretical basis for risk assessment and prevention and control of human infection with avian influenza in Xinjiang area. [Methods] Real time fluorescence quantitative PCR was employed to detect H5,H7 and H9 avian influenza virus nucleic acid in environmental samples,while hemagglutination inhibition test was used to detect the antibody of H5N6,H7N9 and H9N2 in occupational exposure population. The data were analyzed by the Chi-square test. [Results] Among 499 serum samples from occupational exposure workers,the antibodies against H5N6 and H7N9 were not found,and there were 6 positive samples for H9N2 antibody with the positive rate of 1.2%. Among1566 samples from external environment,there were 269 positive samples with the positive rate of 17.18%,including 27 positive samples of H5 and 242 positive samples of H9,which the positive rate was 1.72% and 15.45% respectively. The samples from urban and rural poultry markets and poultry drinking water showed the highest positive rate. The positive rate in winter and spring was higher than that in summer and autumn. [Conclusion] There are asymptomatic infections of H9 in occupational exposure population,and avian influenza virus of H5 and H9 are ubiquitous in the environment. It is necessary to pay more attention to urban and rural poultry markets and poultry drinking water,which is of great significance for the prevention and control of the epidemic of avian influenza.

关 键 词：禽流感 禽流感病毒 职业暴露 监测 

分 类 号：R181[医药卫生—流行病学]