国防R&D、通用目的技术与经济增长  

Defense R&D,General Purpose Technology and Economic Growth

作　　者：何昉[1] 曹冰雪[2] 杨晓维[3] HE Fang;CA O Bingxue;YANG Xiaowei(China Institute of Nuclear Information ＆ Economics, Beijing 100048, China;School of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China;Business School, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China)

机构地区：[1]中国核科技信息与经济研究院,北京100048 [2]中国人民大学农业与农村发展学院,北京100872 [3]北京师范大学经济与工商管理学院,北京100875

出　　处：《北京理工大学学报（社会科学版）》2018年第3期113-121,共9页Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology：Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：中国工程院重点咨询项目资助"军民融合深度发展若干重大问题研究"(2017-XZ-01)

摘　　要：研究国防R&D支出对经济增长影响的经济理论需要结合技术演化理论,明晰国防部门在技术演化进程中的作用特点。技术发展史分析表明,历史上引致重大技术变革的通用目的技术(GPT)的发明,通常源自国防部门的研发努力,而随着技术演化进程由起步期逐渐迈入成熟期,国防和民用部门中同一GPT的技术轨道将由于部门间技术需求的差异而呈现出先趋同后分化的特征。据此,在GPT增长框架中正式建模分析国防R&D对经济增长的长期影响及主要机制,并通过数值模拟证明,"军民并举"的国家科技资源配置模式在长期中能够实现最优的经济增长绩效。在中国逐步接近国际技术前沿的背景下,继续加大国防研发支出,完善军民科技融合体制机制,将成为中国推动创新驱动发展的重要举措。Analysis of the impact of defense R＆D on economic growth must take into account the theory of technology evolution. The history of technology development shows that the inventions of general purpose technology（GPT）in history often can be attributed to R＆D endeavors of national defense departments. Although with the dual-use character, the GPT＇s technological trajectories in the defense and civilian sectors start with convergence, and then they will become more and more divergent as technology matures. Based on these insights, a formal GPT-driven model was constructed to analyze the impact of defense R＆D on economic growth. Numerical simulation shows that due to a more balanced resources allocation between defense and civilian fundamental research sectors, civilian-military integration national science and technology resources allocation mode can achieve the best growth performance in the long term. Today, China is approaching the intemational technology frontier. To accelerate and smooth the transition into an innovation-driven economy, it is necessary for China to increase the defense R＆D outlay continuously and build a well-functioning military-civilian integrated technology base.

关 键 词：国防R&D 通用目的技术 军民融合 

分 类 号：F062.4[经济管理—政治经济学]