香草酸对花生种子萌发、幼苗生长及根际微生物区系的影响  

Effects of Vanillic Acid on Seed Germination, Seedling Growth and Rhizosphere Microflora of Peanut

作　　者：黄玉茜[1] 杨劲峰[1] 梁春浩[2] 陈堔平一 刘欣宇 耿坷睿 姚玉晨 张宇[1] 韩晓日[1] HUANG YuQian;YANG JinFeng;LIANG ChunHao;CHEN ShenPingYi;LIU XinYu;GENG KeRui;YAO YuChen;ZHANG Yu;HAN XiaoRi(College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866;Plant Protection Research Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang 110161)

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学土地与环境学院,沈阳110866 [2]辽宁省农业科学院植物保护研究所,沈阳110161

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2018年第9期1735-1745,共11页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学青年基金项目(31401948);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-14;CARS-13)

摘　　要：【目的】探讨酚酸类自毒物质香草酸的自毒作用,研究其对花生种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响,揭示根际土壤微生物在花生生育期内对自毒物质的响应规律。【方法】以花生品种阜花12号150GY为试材,培养皿培养试验设6个处理:0、0.01、0.03、0.05、0.07、0.09 mmol?L^(-1)香草酸溶液;营养钵种植试验设5个处理:0、0.01、0.03、0.05、0.07 mmol?L^(-1)香草酸溶液;盆栽试验设5个处理:香草酸用量分别为0、0.01、0.03、0.05、0.07 mg?kg-1干土。分别研究外源添加香草酸对花生种子萌发、幼苗生长及根际微生物区系的影响。【结果】(1)经不同浓度香草酸溶液处理后,花生种子的发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数均低于CK,与对照存在显著性差异。当香草酸溶液浓度为0.09 mmol?L^(-1)时,发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数与对CK相比分别降低39%、66.3%和55.9%,自毒效应响应指数达到最大值。(2)经不同浓度香草酸溶液处理后,花生幼苗的主根长、单株干重、叶绿素含量、净光合速率和气孔导度均低于CK,与对照存在显著性差异,当香草酸溶液浓度为0.07 mmol?L^(-1)时,各指标与对CK相比分别降低37.3%、40.0%、19.0%、53.9%和49.1%,自毒效应响应指数达到最大值。胞间CO2浓度变化趋势与以上指标相反,随香草酸浓度的增大而呈现上升趋势,当香草酸溶液浓度为0.07 mmol?L^(-1)时,胞间CO_2浓度比对照提高46.1%。(3)香草酸浓度≥0.03 mmol?L^(-1)时,花生根系总吸收面积、活跃吸收面积和根系活力(活跃吸收面积/总吸收面积)低于CK,叶片的MDA含量高于对照,均与对照存在显著性差异,当香草酸溶液浓度为0.07 mmol?L^(-1)时,各指标与对照相比分别降低22.4%,54.2%和40.6%,MDA含量提高43.3%。(4)根际放线菌数量在花生生育前期随着香草酸浓度的增大而显著降低,进入结荚期后各处理间差异不显著。根际细菌数量在花生生育前期时各处理间差异不显著,而进入�【Objective】 Experiments were carried out to investigate the autotoxicity of vanillic acid and its effect on seed germination and seedling growth of peanut, so as to reveal the response rules of rhizosphere microbes to the autotoxic substances in peanut growth period.【Method】Peanut（Arachis hypogaea L. cv Fuhua 12 150 GY） was used in this study, and petri dish method, nursery pot and pot culture experiment were adopted to explore the effect of vanillic acid on the peanut seed germination, seedling growth and rhizosphere microflora. Six vanillic acid application treatments in petri dish experiment were set with application of different vanillic acid amounts： 0, 0.01, 0.03, 0.05, 0.07, 0.09 mmol·L^-1, five treatments in nursery pot experiment were 0, 0.01, 0.03, 0.05, 0.07 mmol·L^-1, and five treatments in pot culture experiment were 0, 0.01, 0.03, 0.05, 0.07 mg？kg-1 dry soil.【Result】（1） The seed germination ratio, germination energy and germination index were lower than CK after treatment with different concentrations of vanillic acid. When the concentration of vanillic acid was 0.09 mmol·L^-1, the seed germination ratio, germination energy and germination index respectively decreased by 39%, 66.3% and 55.9% compared with CK, and the response index（RI） reached the maximum.（2） The root length, plant dry weight, chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance were lower than CK after treatment with different concentrations of vanillic acid. When the concentration of vanillic acid was 0.07 mmol·L^-1, all above indexes decreased by 37.3%, 40.0%, 19.0%, 53.9% and 49.1%, respectively, compared with CK, and the response index（RI） reached the maximum. Conversely, the intercellular CO_2 concentration was the opposite of the above indexes, it went up with the increase of the concentration of vanillic acid. When the concentration of vanillic acid was 0.07 mmol·L^-1, the intercellular CO2 concentration increased by 46.1% compared with CK.（3） when the concentrati

关 键 词：香草酸 花生 自毒物质 光合特性 根系活力 微生物区系 

分 类 号：S154.37[农业科学—土壤学] S565.2[农业科学—农业基础科学]