古代于阗的一种织物——白氎  

Baidie(白氎,cotton cloth):A Textile in Ancient Khotan

作　　者：毕波[1] Bi Bo

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学国学院

出　　处：《中国经济史研究》2018年第3期162-170,共9页Researches in Chinese Economic History

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目"敦煌与于阗:佛教艺术与物质文化的交互影响"(批准号:13&ZD087)阶段性成果之一

摘　　要：根据汉文传世文献记载,古代于阗的衣物用料种类多样,如丝、毛等均在和田出土的汉文、于阗文及其他胡语文书有所印证。不过,玄奘所记于阗棉织物"白氎",在出土文书中却一直未见其踪。本文指出,"白氎"可能对应的就是于阗语文书中的pe'mīnai thau。根据其词源为*pa2ma-"羊毛",学者最初将这一于阗语词汇释作"毛布",即一种毛织物。近年来又有学者将其释作"",即一种丝织物。本文指出,尽管该词源自于"羊毛",但可能并不能按通常情况理解为毛织物,"毛"可能是用以表示棉织物毛茸茸的特征,正如"氎"构字虽然亦有"毛",但可以确定是指棉织物。现有材料表明,于阗在7世纪中叶前后似乎尚未开始种植棉花,当时的于阗很可能和汉地相类似,称棉布为"毛布",故而采用词源为"羊毛"的词造出了和汉文"毛布"同样的词pe'mīnai-thau。According to the Chinese historical sources, local people in Ancient Khotan used a great variety of textiles including silk and wool for clothes, which were well attested in the excavated documents in Chinese, Khotanese and other languages from Khotan. However, a kind of cotton cloth baidie 白氎 in Khotan recorded by Xuanzang can not be traced down in excavated documents so far. After having explored the relative documents, the present article suggests that baidie 白氎 probably can be identified as pe＇m^nai thau in the Khotanese documents. Based on the etymology, pe＇minai thau was previously defined as woollen cloth, and recently it was explained as shichou 絁, a kind of silk textile. This article also points out that, although etymologically pe＇mrnai derives from ＂wool＂ it might indicate the hairy feature of cotton cloth; this is similar to the case of Chinse character die 氎. Despite the component mao 毛 ＂wool, hair＂, die certainly denotes cotton textile. It seems that in Khotan cotton has not yet been planted around mid-seventh century. Similarly as in the central China, local people in Khotan coined pe＇minai thau to detone cotton cloth, the ＂hairy cloth＂.

关 键 词：于阗 织物 白氎 出土文书 

分 类 号：K87[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]