低温和寡照单因素胁迫对温室黄瓜叶片光合、器官干物质分配及果实品质的影响  

Effect of Low Temperature and Weak Light Single Factor Stress on Photosynthesis Characteristics,Dry Matter Distribution and Fruit Quality of Greenhouse Cucumber Leaves

作　　者：赵和丽 杨再强[1,2] ZHAO Heli;YANG Zaiqiang(Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science ＆ Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210044;Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science ＆ Technology, Nanjing,Jiangsu 210044)

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学气象灾害预报预警与评估协同创新中心,江苏南京210044 [2]南京信息工程大学江苏省农业气象重点实验室,江苏南京210044

出　　处：《北方园艺》2018年第10期1-8,共8页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上资助项目(41475107);"十二五"国家支撑计划资助项目(2014BAD10B07)

摘　　要：以黄瓜品种"南杂系列二号"(‘Nan ZaⅡ’)为试材,2017年4—5月在南京信息工程大学农业气象试验站利用人工气候箱分别对黄瓜进行低温和寡照单因素胁迫处理,持续1、3、5、7d。日最低气温设置为4.0℃;寡照设置光合有效辐射为250μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1);以昼/夜温度分别为25℃/18℃,光合有效辐射800μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1)为对照(CK);研究了不同低温和寡照单因素胁迫对黄瓜叶片光合、器官干物质分配以及果实品质的影响。结果表明:短期低温处理后,黄瓜叶片的光合参数变化并不显著,低温处理5d和7d的最大光合速率显著降低,分别较CK下降33.8%、41.4%;随着低温时间的持续,果实干物质分配比值降低,根、茎、叶分到了较多的光合产物;黄瓜单果质量、果长、最大果径、最小果径随处理时间呈下降趋势;果实含水率和维生素C含量随低温处理的延长呈下降趋势,可溶性蛋白质含量先增加后减少,可溶性糖含量先减少后增加。寡照胁迫后,黄瓜叶片的各项光合参数显著降低,处理7d的最大光合速率较CK下降84.4%;果实干物质分配比值显著降低,处理1、3、5、7d果实干物质比值分别较CK降低21.2%、21.8%、26.5%和18.3%;果实外在品质发生显著变化,单果质量、果长、最大果径、最小果径显著降低,寡照处理7d的畸形果比例为100%;含水率和维生素C含量随处理时间的延长显著降低,处理7d较CK分别下降了20.6%、52.3%,可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白质含量有增加的趋势,但变化幅度不显著。该研究结果可为设施黄瓜栽培温光调控提供科学依据。In order to study the effects of low temperature and weak light single factor stress on photosynthesis characteristics,dry matter distribution and fruit quality of greenhouse cucumber leaves,artificial environment control tests were conducted to the‘Nan ZaⅡ＇,which was chosen as the plant material in Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology from April to May in 2017.The temperature of the low temperature test was set at 4 ℃;the photosynthetically active radiation was 30% of the normal value for 250 μmol·m^-2·s^-1,for 1,3,5,7 days respectively.The photosynthetic active radiation was 800 μmol·m^-2·s^-1 as controls（CK）at day/night temperature of25 ℃/18 ℃.The results showed that after short-term low temperature treatments,the photosynthetic parameters of cucumber leaves did not change significantly,and the maximum photosynthetic rate for 5 days and 7 days decreased significantly 33.8% and 41.4% that compared with CK;with the persistence of low temperature time,the ratio of dry matter distribution decreased,roots,stems and leaves were assigned to more photosynthetic products;the fruit weight,fruit length,fruit length,maximum fruit diameter and minimum fruit diameter decreased with the treatment time.The fruit water content and vitamin C decreased with the prolongation of low temperature treatment,and the soluble protein presented a trend increasing first and then decreasing,while the soluble sugar decreased first and then increased.The photosynthetic parameters of cucumber leaves decreased significantly with the increase weak light stress and for 7 days decreased the maximum photosynthesis rate 84.4% than that of CK;the dry matter ratio of fruit was decreased that the ratio of dry matter to 1,3,5,7 days were reduced 21.2%,21.8%,26.5% and 18.3% than that of CK;fruit weight,fruit length,maximum fruit diameter,the minimum fruit diameter was significantly reduced,and the ratio of deformed fruit treated for 7 days was 100%;water content and vitamin C decreased significantly with the tre

关 键 词：黄瓜 低温 寡照 光合特性 果实品质 

分 类 号：S642.201[农业科学—蔬菜学]