气候变化对木本植物光合产物分配与果实品质的影响  

Effects of Climate Change on Photosynthate Distribution and Fruit Quality of Woody Plants

作　　者：哈蓉 马亚平[1] 曹兵[1] HA Rong;MA Yaping;CAO Bing(School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学农学院,宁夏银川750021

出　　处：《北方园艺》2018年第10期161-167,共7页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(31660199;30860227)

摘　　要：大气CO_2浓度升高引起的温室效应导致全球地表平均气温升高,引起全球降水格局发生变化,对农林业生产与生态系统产生重要影响。木本植物对气候变化的生理生态响应机制受到极大关注。该文综述了CO_2浓度升高、气温升高及干旱胁迫对木本植物光合产物分配与果实品质影响的研究进展。模拟试验表明,随着大气CO_2浓度升高,植物的光合能力会增大,但长期生长在高CO_2浓度下的植物会出现光合能力下降的光适应现象;气温升高会降低植株光合酶活性和叶绿素含量等,从而导致光合速率下降;干旱胁迫通过减小气孔导度和光合活性来降低光合作用。CO_2浓度升高或干旱胁迫下,光合产物向根系分配的比例增加,温度升高则会降低植物的根冠比。在果实品质方面,CO_2浓度升高增加了果实中的可溶性固形物含量;气温升高会影响果实生长,部分糖含量及有机酸含量增加;干旱胁迫对果实生长有一定抑制作用,但增加了可溶性糖、维生素C含量等;同时认为气温升高减缓干旱胁迫对果实品质的抑制作用,提高果实品质。因此,气候变化引起的环境胁迫有助于果实糖分的累积。The greenhouse effect caused by the elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration leads to the increase of the global surface mean temperature,which results in the change of the global precipitation pattern,and has an important influence on the ecosystem and the production of agriculture and forestry.Therefore,the physiological and ecological responsed mechanism of woody plants to climate change had attracted more attention.In this study the effects of increased CO2 concentration,temperature rise and drought stress on photosynthetic producted distribution of woody plants and fruit quality were reviewed.The simulation experiments showed that,as the increase of atmospheric CO2 concentration,the photosynthetic capacity of plants would increase,but long-term growth in high CO2 concentration of plants would show a decline in photosynthetic capacity-light adaptation phenomenon.Temperature raise could decrease the activity of photosynthetic enzyme and chlorophyll content,which led to the photosynthetic rate declined.Drought stress reduced photosynthesis by diminishing stomatal conductance and photosynthetic activity.Under the condition of high CO2 concentration or drought stress,the ratio of photosynthate distribution to root system was increased,and the root shoot ratio of plant was decreased when the temperature increased.Besides,in the fruit quality,elevated concentrations of CO2 increased the soluble solids content in fruits.The increase of temperature affected the growth of fruit,and the content of some sugars and organic acids increased.Drought stress could inhibit fruit growth,however,increased soluble sugar,vitamin C content and so on.It was suggested that temperature increase could slow down the inhibition of drought stress on fruit quality and improve fruit quality.Accordingly environmental stresses caused by climate change contribute to the accumulation of sugar in fruits.

关 键 词：气候变化 光合 产物分配 果实品质 

分 类 号：S6-33[农业科学—园艺学]