高校游泳惩戒制度的历史变迁与现实超越  

The Changing History and Transcending Predicament of Swimming Punishment System of Chinese Colleges

作　　者：高鹏飞[1] 钟玉姣 GAO Pengfei;ZHONG Yujiao(Xidian University, Xi＇an 710071, China;Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China)

机构地区：[1]西安电子科技大学,西安710071 [2]北京体育大学管理学院,北京100084

出　　处：《体育与科学》2018年第3期38-45,共8页Sports & Science

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项基金资助;项目号:RW180110;西安市社科基金;项目号:18T99

摘　　要：基于惩戒视角,新媒体互动中的日常生活史、访谈法、比较法、个案法所获得资料,在个人、社会和行动的逻辑框架下对"清华大学生必须学会游泳"的热点事件进行研究。认为:静水游泳在我国改革开放前处于隔离和稀缺状态,高校游泳教学具有明显的极化现象;当前游泳惩戒制度具有典型的外生性特征,其路径依赖于西式教育的传播和游泳运动内生的个体生存技能和促进体质属性、特定时代的政治军事需求甚至个人推动、游泳课程权力和现实的倒逼;实践运行中存在着碎片化与短命性、刚性制度的柔性化甚至虚化运转、实施效果的应然性与实然性存在落差的现实困境;外生性的惩戒制度需在强化游泳教育正式制度的刚性保障和行业自律性的同时,更需要从人权、生命教育和社会责任和文化方面进行认受性内化。游泳必修课理应站在天赋人权和德性教育的高度下统摄于生存技能论和体质论;文化方面则需要对"学而优则仕"的传统惯习、社会区隔甚至运动耻文化进行重塑和纠偏。Based on the disciplinary perspective,new media interaction in daily life,interview method,comparative method,case method obtained data,under the logic framework of personal,social and action of the hot issues on ＂ Tsinghua University students must learn how to swim＂ for research.1.Static water swimming was in isolation and scarcity before China’s reform and opening up,it embodies obvious polarization.Swimming teaching in college and universities achieved better promotion and development in the1990 s,but then the whole landslide and local rise based on the history of ecological investigation.2.The current swimming disciplinary system is with typical exogenous characteristics.Its path depends on the spread of western education and swimming endogenous individual survival skills and promote physical property,political and military requirements of the special times,and even personal drive,swimming lessons reversed transmission of power and reality.3.In practice,there exists the reality dilemma of fragmentation and shortness of life,flexibility of rigid system and even the function of operation and effect.4.Exogenous disciplinary system to be swimming in strengthening education formal system of rigid security and industry self-discipline at the same time,need more from human rights,life education and social responsibility,and cultural aspects of legitimacy internalization.The compulsory course of swimming is supposed to be taken at the height of natural human rights and virtue education.On the cultural side,we need to reconstruct and rectify the tradition of ＂ Officialdom is the natural outlet for good scholars＂,which are the social isolation and even the culture of sport shame.

关 键 词：游泳必修课 惩戒 社会区隔 天赋人权 德性原则 运动耻文化 

分 类 号：G811.5[文化科学—体育学]