移动互联网时代的社会科学研究工具:众包的争议与发展  

Amazon Mechanical Turk Crowdsourcing:A Research Tool in Mobile Internet Era

作　　者：彭凯平 刘世群[1] 倪士光 PENG Kai-ping;LIU Shi-qun;NI Shi-guang(Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen, Guandong, 518055, PRC;Department of Psychology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PRC;Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guandong, 518055, PRC)

机构地区：[1]清华-伯克利深圳学院,广东深圳518055 [2]清华大学心理学系,北京100084 [3]清华大学深圳研究生院,广东深圳518055

出　　处：《西北师大学报（社会科学版）》2018年第3期113-123,共11页Journal of Northwest Normal University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31371017/31471001)

摘　　要：社会科学实证研究长期忽视研究的外部效度,成为理论发展的一大隐忧。众包网站提供低成本、便利、快速和多样化的样本来源,带来了解决问题的契机。然而,众包的研究有效性遭受了样本偏差、回答者不用心、金钱动机、重复被试及互相影响等质疑。过去几年,研究者提出了一系列事实反驳各种争议,众包有效性得到了研究者的重视及重新认同。众包将成为移动互联网时代的社会科学研究工具,使用该平台收集及分析数据,将会提高国内研究在全球的可见度。Representativeness,quality,and quantity of samples have critical implications for validating the conclusions in research. Despite their importance,textbooks and research reports have underemphasised the external validity. Recruiting participants from crowdsourcing websites,as exemplified by Amazon＇s Mechanical Turk（MTurk）,has emerged to be a promising sampling strategy to mitigate the problem.However,the use of crowdsourcing samples gets suspicion.Many researchers questioned experiments using MTurk on their biased,inattentive,repeated,monetary motivated,and previously informed participants.Others,on the other hand,defended with empirical evidence.Despite the debate,more and more studies started to gather information from crowdsourcing samples.This paper presents both sides of the arguments with emphasis on the validity and reliability of sampling process,provides reasons to support the use of crowdsourcing samples in response to the technological advance in the mobile internet.This paper also urges researchers to investigate the potential of using crowdsourcing samples in cross-country research.It is an unprecedented opportunity to generalise research findings from local to global areas.

关 键 词：众包 社会科学 便利抽样 AMAZON MECHANICAL TURK 

分 类 号：B84[哲学宗教—心理学]