2012-2016年白银市有毒有害作业工人健康监护现状分析  

Current situation of health surveillance of workers exposed to hazards in Baiyin City from 2012 to 2016

作　　者：郝尊敏[1] 宋荣梅[1] 王宇明[1] 孟杰[1] 窦世强 罗娉 HAO Zun-min;SONG Rong-mei;WANG Yu-ming;MENG Jie;DOU Shi-qiang;LUO Ping(Baiyin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Baiyin 730900 Chin)

机构地区：[1]白银市疾病预防控制中心,甘肃白银730900

出　　处：《工业卫生与职业病》2018年第3期181-184,共4页Industrial Health and Occupational Diseases

摘　　要：目的通过分析白银市部分企业有毒有害作业工人健康监护现状,为白银市制定职业病防治相关政策提供理论依据。方法从企业规模、经济类型、行业性质和职业危害因素等方面,对2012-2016年白银市部分企业有毒有害作业工人职业健康检查结果进行分析,采用SPSS 18.0软件对各分类项目的疑似职业病检出率进行χ2检验。结果 2012-2016年白银市职业健康检查受检率总体呈上升趋势,受检率近3a(98.0%)较前2a(92.4%)提高幅度较大,总体疑似职业病检出率呈先上升后下降再略上升的变化。小微型企业疑似职业病检出率最高,为2.5%;中型企业最低,为0.5%;不同规模企业工人疑似职业病检出率比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=355.052,P<0.01)。集体企业疑似职业病检出率最高,为5.0%;国有企业最低,为0.5%;不同经济类型企业工人疑似职业病检出率比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=459.875,P<0.01)。采矿业疑似职业病检出率最高,为2.5%;居民服务及其他服务业和电力、热力、燃气及水的生产和供应业未检出疑似职业病;不同行业性质的企业工人疑似职业病检出率比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=427.594,P<0.01)。接触物理性有害因素的作业工人疑似职业病检出率最高,为2.0%;接触化学有害因素的最低,为0.3%;接触不同有害因素作业工人疑似职业病检出率比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=166.007,P<0.01)。结论近5年白银市企业的职业病防治水平逐渐提高,工人职业健康检查受检率呈上升趋势;但是工人防范意识较低,职业健康检查机构医疗水平较低,应提高职业健康检查机构医生的专业技术水平,规范开展职业健康监护,加大职业病相关法律法规的宣传力度,增强企业和工人的职业病防范意识,降低职业病发生率。Objective To analyze the status quo of health ssurveillance of workers exposed to hazards in some enterprises,and provides the socientific basis for occupational disease prevention and control in Baiyin City.Methods The occupational health examination results of workers exposed to hazards in some enterprises was analyzed in the aspects of enterprise size,economic type,industry nature and occupational hazards in Baiyin City from 2012 to 2016.Results An increasing trend of the overall rate of occupational health check was showed from 2012 to 2016 in Baiyin City,the rate of occupational health check in 2014-2016（98.0%）was much higher that that in 201202013（92.4%）.The total detecting rate of suspected occupational disease was increased and then decreased and again slightly upward change.The highest detecting rate of suspected occupational diseases in small and mini size enterprises was 2.5%.and that in medium-sized enterprises was the lowest,0.5%.There were significant differences in the detection rates of suspected occupational diseases of workers among different scale enterprises（χ^2=355.052,P〈0.01）.The highest detecting rate of collective enterprises was 5.0% and state-owned enterprises was the lowest,0.5%;there were significant differences in the detecting rate of suspected occupational diseases of workers in the enterprises with different economic types（χ^2=459.875,P〈0.01）.The highest detecting rate of suspected occupational diseases in mining industry was 2.5%,no suspected occupational diseases were detected in residentsservices and other service industries and in the production and supply of electricity,heat,gas and water.There were significant differences in the detecting rate of suspected occupational diseases of workers among different scale enterprises（χ^2=427.594,P〈0.01）The highest exposure to physical hazards was 2.0%,the lowest exposure to chemical hazards was0.3%,there were significant differences in detecting rates of suspected occupational disease of workers that expos

关 键 词：有毒有害 健康检查 疑似职业病 检出率 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]