自然灾害与民间信仰的区域化分异——以晋东南地区成汤信仰和三嵕信仰为中心的考察  

Regional Differentiation between Natural Disasters and Folk Beliefs——Study on Cheng Tang Faith and San Zong Faith in the Jindongnan

作　　者：王建华[1] Wang Jianhua(Historical Culture ＆ Tourism Management Department of Changzhi University , Changzhi, 046011)

机构地区：[1]长治学院历史文化与旅游管理系,山西长治046011

出　　处：《中国历史地理论丛》2018年第2期148-160,共13页Journal of Chinese Historical Geography

基　　金：国家社会科学基金(13BZS071);山西省社科联重点课题(SSKLZDKT2016133)联合资助

摘　　要：山西是中国民间信仰较发达的地区之一,而晋东南则是山西民间信仰最丰富的核心地带。历史时期的晋东南多旱灾而形成特有的雨神崇拜,缘于其相近的自然地理、气候环境、历史渊源及其共有的历史文化记忆。但宋代以降,面对自然灾害,处于同一历史文化区内的民众对于自然体的信奉和尊崇却有着不同的选择,在晋东南的南部,逐步形成以析城山为中心的成汤信仰区,在北部,逐步形成以老爷山为中心的三嵕信仰区。传播学派用"文化圈"理论解释人类文化的流布与变化,但历史发展模式的差异性决定了文化传播方式的多样性。田野调查和历史文献显示,成汤信仰和三嵕信仰最初发轫于高台祭祀,后逐步建立高台本庙,并以本庙为中心形成信仰的中心区域,然后突破地理区域沿着河道和驿路呈线性完成最后的布局,而政府的助推作用厥功至钜。Natural disasters have an influence on people＇s livelihood,and the folk faiths can reflect people＇s social life.Because the Jindongnan area has been constantly beset by drought,people there are desirous of rain particularly,and praying for rain when suffering drought is a great event in their life.Since the Song Dynasty,the Cheng Tang faith（popular in the south area）and San Zong faith（popular in the north area）has been developed.The diffusionists explain the distribution and change of human culture by using the＂cultural circle＂theory,however,the field investigation and study show that Cheng Tang faith and San Zong faith originated from the highland and primitive temples and spread over along the river way,in which the government has played an important part.Researches show that it is undesirable to bend to these diffusionist school＇s rules and even worship them.

关 键 词：晋东南 自然灾害 民间信仰 区域分异 

分 类 号：K928[历史地理—人文地理学]