一例空中推拉动作致意识丧失飞行员的载人离心机鉴定训练并文献复习  

Assessing and training a pilot experienced push-pull manenver induced air G-induced loss of consciousness in human centrifuge and literature review

作　　者：李建胜 徐艳[2] 周晴霖 莫隆宸 李宝辉[2] 李毅峰 金朝[2] 王海霞[2] 张立辉[2] 卫晓阳[2] 王全[2] 耿喜臣[2] Li Jiansheng;Xu Yah;Zhou Qinglin;Mo Longchen;Li Baohui;Li Yifeng;Jin Zhao;Wang Haixia;Zhang Lihui;Wei Xiaoyang;Wang Quan;Geng Xichen.(92914 Army, PLA)

机构地区：[1]解放军92914部队 [2]空军航空医学研究所,北京100142 [3]空军都江堰航空医学鉴定训练中心,成都611830

出　　处：《中华航空航天医学杂志》2017年第3期178-182,共5页Chinese Journal of Aerospace Medicine

摘　　要：目的 通过载人离心机耐力鉴定训练,探索飞行员空中推拉动作（push-pull maneuver,PPM）致意识丧失（G-induced loss of consciousness,G-LOC）原因,指导飞行员学习推拉效应（push-pull effect,PPE）防护方法,提高飞行员PPE适应性. 方法 对1例空中PPM致GLOC的飞行员进行载人离心机基础耐力鉴定和PPE训练.基础耐力鉴定以＋Gz达到4.25G,持续10s为合格;PPE防护方法训练包括：①-1Gz/＋4 Gz：由基线载荷＋l.4Gz下降至-1Gz（下降率1 G/s）,持续5 s,然后立刻暴露于＋4Gz（增长率2 G/s）,持续10s.②-1Gz/＋5 Gz：由基线载荷＋1.4Gz下降至-1Gz（下降率1 G/s）,持续5 s,然后立刻暴露于＋5Gz（增长率2 G/s）,持续10 s.观察其基础耐力、PPE耐力以及PPE防护方法掌握情况. 结果 基础＋Gz耐力鉴定时飞行员心电正常,耳脉搏波幅有下降趋势但未拉平,鉴定结果为合格.PPE防护方法训练：①-1Gz/＋4 Gz：PPE防护方法训练中服装压35 kPa时,飞行员HP呼吸动作规范.②-1Gz/＋5 Gz：PPE防护方法训练中服装压45 kPa时,Gz向＋Gz转换飞行员未做HP呼吸动作,经提醒,飞行员恢复HP呼吸动作,最终完成训练. 结论 该飞行员空中PPM致G-LOC并非＋Gz耐力不良导致,而是PPE防护方法不当引起.建议加强飞行员PPM和PPE发生机制和防护措施宣讲,将PPE防护方法训练纳入到载人离心机常规训练中.Objective To probe the causes of pilot＇s G-induced loss of consciousness （G-LOC） in air induced by push-pull maneuver （PPM） in human centrifuge training and instruct protective measures of push-pull effect （PPE） for pilots to promote the adaptation of PPE.Methods A pilot experienced air G-LOC induced by PPM participated in the basic tolerance determination and PPE training in human centrifuge.Relaxed ＋ Gz tolerance was determined as qualification with 4.25 G sustained for 10 s.PPE protective training included：① 1 Gz/＋4 Gz profile：from ＋ 1.4 Gz baseline declined to-1 Gz with the rate of 1 G/s and sustained for 5 s,then climbed to ＋4 Gz with 2 G/s onset rate and sustained for 10 s.Pilot＇s suit pressure was 35 kPa.②-1 Gz/＋ 5 Gz profile：from ＋1.4 Gz baseline declined to-1 Gz with the rate of 1 G/s and sustained for 5 s,and then climbed to ＋5 Gz with 2 G/s onset rate and sustained for 10 s.Pilot＇s suit pressure was 45 kPa.Relaxed ＋Gz tolerance,PPE tolerance of pilots and PPE protective effects were analyzed.Results Pilot＇s relaxed ＋Gz tolerance was qualified with the normal electrocardiogram and declined but not flattened ear opacity pulse amplitude.PPM protective measures training：①for-1Gz/＋ 4Gz profile：pilot completed standard HP straining maneuver in the training.②for-1 Gz/＋5 Gz profile：pilot didn＇t perform HP maneuver when acceleration transferred from-Gz to ＋Gz.Finally,he corrected to perform proper HP maneuver under the guidance of instructor and completed the training.Conclusions The improper PPE protective measure leads to the pilot＇s Gr-LOC in air but not the poor ＋Gz tolerance.Mechanism and protective measures of PPM and PPE should be preached and PPE protective measures training could be a part of human centrifuge training.

关 键 词：加速度 身体耐力 意识丧失 载人离心机训练 

分 类 号：R852.21[医药卫生—航空、航天与航海医学]