空中交通管制任务致脑力疲劳对风险决策的影响  

Influence of mental fatigue caused by air traffic control tasks on risk decision making

作　　者：毛男 黄荷 魏巍[2] 肖玮 Mao Nan;Huang He;Wei Wei;Xiao Wei(Air Force Military Medical University, Xi＇an 710032, China)

机构地区：[1]空军军医大学医学心理系航空航天心理学教研室,西安710032 [2]中国民航西北空管局空中交通管制中心,西安710082

出　　处：《中华航空航天医学杂志》2017年第4期255-259,F0002,共6页Chinese Journal of Aerospace Medicine

基　　金：陕西省自然科学基金（2014JM4130）

摘　　要：目的 探究空中交通管制员（空管员）在脑力疲劳状态下风险决策的特征,为减少脑力疲劳状态下管制决策失误提供理论依据. 方法 采用自身前后对照设计.41名空管员间断完成6h空中交通管制任务,任务前后分别完成主观疲劳感、客观疲劳水平及风险决策评估,比较任务前后的评估结果. 结果 管制任务后主观疲劳感得分（39.98±13.55）显著高于任务前（18.69±8.17）,差异有统计学意义（t=10.34,P＜0.01）.管制任务后作业绩效发生变化,反应能力测试的正确率由（55.19±8.68）次/min降为（49.43±7.65）次/min,错误率由（0.80±0.83）次/min升高至（2.93±3.38）次/min,反应时间由（805.75±105.06）ms延长至（860.42±129.64）ms,差异均有统计学意义（t=2.572～4.297,P＜0.01或0.05）.交通管制任务前后空管员剑桥赌博决策质量差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.决策时间由（2.16±0.80）s延长至（2.63±1.08）s,差异有统计学意义（t=2.350,P＜0.05）.冲动指数、理性冒险指数、冒险指数分别由（0.15±0.23）％、（0.64±0.14）％、（0.60±0.13）％增加至（0.27±0.27）％、（0.71±0.13）％、（0.68土0.10）％,风险调节能力由4.15士3.37降低至1.27±2.48,差异均有统计学意义（t=2.230～3.118,P＜0.01或0.05）. 结论 脑力疲劳状态下空管员在进行风险决策时更倾向于冒险、冲动,对概率信息变得不敏感,不能对自身的决策行为进行有效调节.Objective To investigate the characteristics of risk decision making of air traffic controllers under the state of mental fatigue, and to provide the theoretical basis for reducing decision errors under these circumstances. Methods This study adopted self-controlled design. Forty-one air traffic controllers intermittently completed 6 h air traffic control task. The subjective fatigue index, objective fatigue level and risk decision evaluation were compared before and after the task. Results The subjective fatigue index of air traffic controllers was significantly increased by 6 h air traffic control task （39.98 ± 13.55 vs. 18.69 ± 8.17% t = 10.34, P 〈 0.01）. The performance of task demonstrated that the correct rate of reaction test decreased [-（55.19±8.68） times/rain vs. （49.43±7.65） times/min] t=3.877, P〈0.01], the error rate increased [-（0.80±0.83） times/min vs. （2.93± 3.38） times/min t = 4.297, P 〈0.01] and the reaction time prolonged [（805.75±105.06） ms vs. （860.42±129.64） ms; t = 2.572, P〈0.05] when completing 6 h air traffic control task. The result of Cambridge gambling task showed that the decision quality did not changed （P 〉0.05） ] decision time prolonged [（2.16±0.80）s vs. （2.63±1.08）s; t=2.350, P〈0.05]; impulse index, rational adventure index and adventure index increased [-（0.15±0.23） %, （0.64±0.14） %, （0.60±0.13） % vs. （0.27 ±0.27）%, （0.71±0.13）], （0.68±0.10）%] t=2.230-3.118, P〈0.01 or 0.05）] and risk-adjusted capacity reduced （4.15±3.37 vs. 1. 27 ± 2. 48 ; t=3.705, P〈0.01）. Conclusions Under the condition of mental fatigue, the air traffic controllers exhibit more likely to take risks, less sensitive to probability information, and fail to adjust their behavior effectively in the process of decision-making.

关 键 词：精神疲劳 决策 问卷调查 剑桥赌博任务 空中交通管制员 

分 类 号：R851.2[医药卫生—航空、航天与航海医学] R853.9[医药卫生—临床医学]