被忽略的道钉:加拿大太平洋铁路诗与对华移民政策  

The Ignored Spike: Canadian Pacific Railway Poems and Canada's Chinese Immigration Policies

作　　者：张雯[1,2] Zhang Wen(Associate Professor, Postdoctoral Mobile Research Station of College of Foreign Languages and Literatures, Fudan University, Shangha;School of Foreign Languages, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学外国语言文学流动站,上海200433 [2]杭州师范大学外国语学院,浙江杭州311121

出　　处：《外国文学》2018年第3期141-150,共10页Foreign Literature

基　　金：国家社科基金项目"加拿大当代英语诗歌‘共同体想象’研究"(15BWW052);中国博士后基金第9批特别资助(2016T90330)

摘　　要：普拉特的代表作《通往最后一根道钉》描写加拿大太平洋铁路的建造过程,却忽略为此付出巨大牺牲的中国劳工。此后,斯各特的《除了最后一根道钉》、莱特福的《加拿大铁路三部曲》和杜蒙特的《致约翰·A.麦克唐纳德爵士的一封信》等诗歌都在内容与风格上对《通往》的"家国叙事"进行了颠覆,华人劳工由缺席变成了主角。太平洋铁路系列诗在主题与叙事方式上的流变过程刚好与加拿大对华移民政策的变迁史相对应。将两者结合起来研究,可以更全面地审视加拿大建国150年以来对华人态度的转变及其从一元主义到多元文化的意识形态价值转向。E. J. Pratt＇s narrative poem Towards the Last Spike depicts the construction of the Canadian Pacific Railway while completely ignoring the Chinese laborers who suffered tremendously during the construction of the British Columbian leg of the line. During the late 20th century, F. R. Scott＇s ＂Except for the Last Spike,＂ Gordon Lightfoot＇s ＂Canadian Railroad Trilogy,＂ and Marilyn Dumont＇s ＂Letter to Sir John A. Macdonald,＂ all challenged Pratt＇s ＂national dream＂ when they made the image change of Chinese workers from being ignored to being heroes. The narrative and thematic changes of these Canadian Pacific Railway poems paralleled the history of Chinese immigration policies. By studying the relation of the poetry and the policies, it is easier to understand the change in Canadian attitude towards Chinese as well as the shift from homogeneity to multiculturalism throughout the 150-year history of Canada as a nation.

关 键 词：加拿大太平洋铁路 《通往最一根道钉》 华人劳工 移民政策 

分 类 号：I711[文学—其他各国文学]