艳山姜叶部一个新病害的鉴定及其化学防治  

The Identification and Chemical Control of a New Leaf Disease of Alpinia zerumbet (Pers.) Burtt. et Smith

作　　者：张旭[1,2,3] 李启瑞 肖涛[2] 沈祥春 何明辉 龙庆德[1,2,3] ZHANG Xu;LI Qirui;XIAO Tao;SHEN Xiangchun;HE Minghui;LONG Qingde(Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization for Natural Medicine Resources, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China;Department of Pharmacology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China;State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China)

机构地区：[1]贵州医科大学天然药物资源优效利用重点实验室,贵州贵阳550025 [2]贵州医科大学药学院,贵州贵阳550025 [3]贵州医科大学药用植物功效与利用国家重点实验室,贵州贵阳550004

出　　处：《云南农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2018年第1期41-46,共6页Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University:Natural Science

基　　金：贵州省中药现代化产业化专项(黔科合中药字[2012]5001-5)

摘　　要：【目的】在贵州民族药艳山姜的栽培过程中,发现一种艳山姜叶部未知病害,该病害严重地影响艳山姜药材的产量和品质,给药农造成了巨大的经济损失。因此,开展该病害病原菌的鉴定、化学药剂对该病原菌抑菌作用的初步研究,对制定病害防治对策有重要意义。【方法】利用柯赫氏法则对病原菌进行了分离和回接;使用形态学及分子系统学方法对病原菌进行了分类鉴定;采用含药平板法研究了7种化学杀菌剂对该病原菌进行室内药效试验。【结果】分离鉴定该病害的病原菌为新拟盘多毛孢属真菌,并筛选了可行的化学防治药剂:75%百菌清,80%代森锰锌和57.6%冠菌清对病原菌的抑制效果不明显,25%咪鲜胺和70%甲基托布津的抑菌效果相对较好,EC_(50)分别为0.150 3μg/mL和0.872 3μg/mL。【结论】该病害为艳山姜上的首次报道,笔者将其命名为艳山姜褐斑病,致病菌为新拟盘多毛孢属真菌;25%咪鲜胺对该病原菌室内防治效果较好,可作为艳山姜褐斑病的防治备选化学药剂。[Purposes]In the cultivation process, one unknown leaf disease of Alpinia zerumbet was found. Plant pathogens was isolated and identified. The effective fungicides against the plant pathogens were screen in this study.[ Methods] Plant pathogenic was isolated and determined with Koch＇s postulates and identified based on morphology and molecular system data. The antifungal effect of seven chemical fungicides on the pathogen was studied by drug-containing plate method.[Results]Plant pathogenic fungus was identified as a species of Neopestalotiopsis. 75% chlorothalonil, 80% mancozeb and chlorothalonil 57.6% crown had no good inhibition effect against the Neopestalotiopsis sp.. Antifungal effects of 25% prochloraz and 70% thiophanate methyl were relatively better than others, of which EC_（50） were 0.150 3 and 0.872 3 g/mL respectively.[Conclusion]Neopestalotiopsis sp. as a plant pathogenic fungus was firstly found from the leaves of A. zerumbet. The plant disease caused by Neopestalotiopsis sp. was named as A. zerumbet cercospora leaf spot. 25% prochloraz EC has the best control effect against this plant pathogenic fungus in seven chemical fungicides used. 25% prochloraz EC could be used as alternative chemical fungicides to control the disease of alpinia zerumbet cercospora leaf spot.

关 键 词：艳山姜 叶部新病害 化学防治 新拟盘多毛孢 

分 类 号：S435.675[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]