半夏花粉、柱头活力变化及亲本染色体数对居群间杂交的影响  

Variation of Pollen and Stigma Viability, Effect of Parental Chromosomal Numbers on Hybridization Between Different Populations of Pinellia ternata

作　　者：陈海丽[1] 孙莹莹[1] 罗睿[1] 刘丹[1] 高华霞 夏丽莎 CHEN Hai-Li;SUN Ying-Ying;LUO Rui;LIU Dan;GAO Hua-Xia;XIA Li-Sha(College of Life Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Chin)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学生命科学学院,贵阳550025

出　　处：《农业生物技术学报》2018年第6期931-939,共9页Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.31560081)

摘　　要：虽然杂交育种是栽培植物优良种质的获得途径之一,但药用植物半夏(Pinellia ternata)的杂交育种研究比较少。本研究采用不同染色法(碘-碘化钾(iodine-potassium iodide,I-KI)法,过氧化物酶法,氯化三苯基四氮唑(triphenyl tetrazolium chloride,TTC)法和醋酸洋红法)和花粉萌发法测定半夏花粉活力;通过染色法(联苯胺过氧化氢法)和人工授粉法检测半夏柱头活力;对4个半夏居群种质进行不同组合的人工授粉,统计其杂交结实率,并通过压片法观察亲本及杂交后代的细胞遗传学特性。结果显示,半夏的花粉及柱头的活力均在上午9:00~10:00时最高,其中在开花后2~3 d花粉活力最高,在开花前1 d至开花后2 d时,半夏柱头活力最强;半夏花粉在4℃保存可延长花粉寿命25 d;在杂交组合的株结实率与子房结实率中,居群贵州赫章×河北保定分别为43.75%和66.14%;贵州赫章×甘肃平凉分别为11.11%和48.89%;湖北襄阳×贵州赫章分别为33.33%和38.29%。通过细胞学特征观察发现,杂交种子的染色体数目与母本一致。本研究结果显示,半夏优良品种培育可通过种内不同居群(具有不同特性的遗传种质)之间杂交的途径进行。本研究进一步完善了半夏杂交育种操作的技术环节,可用于指导半夏杂交育种的实际操作。Hybridization is a critical pathway to obtain excellent germplasm,however,little publications are referred to hybridization of Pinellia ternata that is an important medicinal plant in China.In this study,different staining methods（iodine-potassium iodide（I-KI）,peroxidase,triphenyl tetrazolium chloride（TTC）,or acetocarmine method） and in vitro pollen germination were used to detect pollen viability; And benzidinehydrogen peroxide method and artificial pollination were carried out to test stigma viability; Artificial pollination for different parental combinations that are originated 4 populations of P.ternata were executed to obtain hybrid seeds and traditional chromosome tabletting technique was employed to determine chromosome numbers for parents or hybrids.Results showed that the TTC staining was the most appropriate method to detect pollen viability; Pollen viability was maximum at 9： 00~10： 00 am in 2~3 day after flowering,Stigma possess high receptivity during 1 d before flowering to 2 d after flowering.The optimal temperature for pollen storage is 4 degree Celsius.Rates of hybrid seed setting（individuals or flower） for Hezhang × Baoding,Hezhang× Pingliang and Xiangyang × Hezhang were 43.75%,11.11% and 33.33%,respectively whereas rates of hybrid seed setting（ovules） for these 3 combinations were 66.14%,48.89% and 38.29% respectively.The chromosome number of all hybrids were consistent with its the female parent.These results indicated that new germpalsm of P.ternata could be obtained through hybridization between populations that possess different features.The present study further perfected technical link of hybridization breeding operation of P.ternata,which can be used to guide the practical operation of hybridization breeding of P.ternata.

关 键 词：半夏 杂交育种 花粉活力 柱头活力 染色体数 

分 类 号：S334.2[农业科学—作物遗传育种]