大学生成人依恋与父母教养方式的关系:基于北京高校横断面调查  

The Relationship Between Adult Attachment and Parenting Styles of College Students:Based on a Cross-sectional Survey

作　　者：李真[1] 李文秀 黄紫薇 杨凤池[1] 张辉[1] LI Zhen;LI Wenziu;HUANG Ziwei(Institute of Health Management and Education, Capital Medical University, Beij ing 100069, China)

机构地区：[1]首都医科大学卫生管理与教育学院,中国北京100069 [2]北京市海淀区精神卫生防治院,北京100194

出　　处：《中国健康心理学杂志》2018年第5期757-762,共6页China Journal of Health Psychology

基　　金：北京市社会科学基金项目(编号:17JYC026);北京团市委“心”帮助心理服务研究项目

摘　　要：目的：探讨高校大学生成人依恋与父母教养方式的现状及两者之间的关系。方法：使用亲密关系经历量表中文版（ECR）与简式父母教养方式问卷（s-EMBU）,对北京6所高校以班级为单位整群抽取634名在校大学生进行调查,所得数据应用SPSS 20.0进行统计分析。结果：（1）调查的大学生中,成人依恋为恐惧型的个体占总体的比例最多为39.9%,其次分别为安全型23.5%,迷恋型21.5%,冷漠型15.1%;（2）女生在父亲情感温暖和母亲情感温暖维度上显著高于男生（t=-2.380,P〈0.05;t=-3.117,P〈0.01）,而男生在父亲拒绝、母亲拒绝维度上显著高于女生（t=4.034,P〈0.01;t=2.311,P〈0.05）;（3）父亲与母亲在教养方式上有显著性差异,父亲在拒绝维度上显著高于母亲（t=12.15,P〈0.01）,而在情感温暖与过度保护维度上显著低于母亲（t=-8.00,-10.34;P〈0.01）;（4）依恋回避与依恋焦虑均与父亲情感温暖、母亲情感温暖呈现出显著负相关（r=-0.246-0.311,P〈0.05）,而与母亲拒绝、父亲过度保护和母亲过度保护呈显著正相关（r=0.108-0.338,P〈0.01）;（5）逐步回归分析显示,母亲情感温暖能预测依恋回避,母亲过度保护与父亲情感温暖能预测依恋焦虑。结论：北京高校大学生中不安全依恋类型居多,父母教养方式对大学生成人依恋有一定影响,父母情感温暖有助于子女形成安全型依恋。Objective：To explore the general present situation and relationship between adult attachment and parenting styles of college students.Methods：Chinese version of Experiences in Close Relationships Inventory（ECR）,Short-form Egna Minnen av Barndoms Uppfostran（s-EMBU）were administered to a sample of 634 college students from six universities in Beijing by cluster sampling with class as unit,and the data were analyzed by SPSS 20.0.Results：（1） Among the students surveyed,the percentage of fearing type of adults attachment was 39.9% of the total,followed by 23.5%for safety,21.5%for obsession,and 15.1%for indifference;（2）Female students were significantly higher than male students in dimensions of emotional warmth（father and mother）（t=-2.380,-3.117;P〈0.05）,and male students were significantly higher than female students in dimensions of rejection（father and mother）（t=4.034,2.311;P〈0.05）;（3）There were significant differences in parenting styles between father and mother,fathers were significantly higher in rejection dimension than mothers（t=12.15,P〈0.01）,and significantly lower in the emotional warmth and over protection dimension than mothers（t=-8.00,-10.34;P〈0.01）;（4）Attachment avoidance and attachment anxiety was negatively correlated with emotional warmth（father and mother）（r=-0.246-0.311,P〈0.05）,and was positively correlated with mother rejection and over protection（father and mother）（r=0.108-0.338,P〈0.01）;（5）Stepwise regression analysis showed that mother emotional warmth was significant predictors of attachment avoidance,mother over protection and father emotional warmth were significant predictors of attachment anxiety.Conclusion：Insecurity attachment occupies the maximum quantity among college students in Beijing.Adult attachment of college students is closely related to the parenting style of parents,but the influence is limited.The emotional warmth of parents helps students form secure attachment.

关 键 词：成人依恋 父母教养方式 依恋类型 大学生 

分 类 号：R395.6[哲学宗教—心理学]