本草学研究的二重证据--从本草文献考证到本草考古  

Dual evidence for herbalism studies: Herbal textual research and Bencao archaeology

作　　者：黄璐琦[1] Luqi Huang(State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China)

机构地区：[1]中国中医科学院中药资源中心道地药材国家重点实验室培育基地,北京100700

出　　处：《科学通报》2018年第13期1164-1171,共8页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：名贵中药资源可持续利用能力建设项目(2060302);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(ZZ10-008)资助

摘　　要：我国的本草学是世界上最完整的传统药学体系之一.经著录的本草古籍达1000余种,存世者达400多种.历代本草学家都非常重视文献考证,尤其是现代植物分类学的引入,使本草文献考证日益成熟.但是仅仅依据文献考证所得结论存在争议,期待古代实物的印证.中医药学注重传承与创新并重,推崇"传承不泥古,创新不离宗".本草学研究也需与时俱进,应积极吸纳考古学成果,甚至应主动积极参与考古,推动本草考古的发展.考古学的天然局限性也要求必须与文献资料相结合.本草文献考证与本草考古,分别是对本草学的间接史料与直接史料开展研究,两者交叉互补,可谓本草学研究的二重证据法.本草考古与本草文献考证的研究将相得益彰,共同推动本草学的传承与发展.Chinese Materia Medica is one of the most complete traditional pharmaceutical systems in the world, and in recent years, herbalism studies have successfully focused on collating and studying the herbal literature and textual research. These studies have mainly relied on the compilation of historical documents. More than 1000 types of ancient herbal books have been recorded, and over 400 of these are still accessible. Textual studies have been receiving increased attention from herbalists recently compared to that during the past generations, especially after the introduction of modern plant taxonomy, which had made textual research increasing easier. Through extensive literature studies, medical practitioners have been able to better identify medicinal plants and evaluate their properties. Scientific herbal textual research can determine the origin and compositions of herbal medicines, based on historical facts, and unveil ancient drug production processes and the clinical applications of traditional Chinese medicines, which will provide a referential basis to the scientific and medical community. However, conclusions derived solely based on reviewing ancient literature are sometimes controversial. It is also important to obtain evidence to support these conclusions. Detailed herbal textual research of traditional Chinese medicine would include medicinal properties and characteristics of the plants or drugs, their sources and distribution, cultivation techniques, processing methods, resistance, efficacy, and use in ethnic medicine, which can facilitate objective evaluation of the quality of the traditional Chinese medicines. Traditional Chinese medicine provides equal importance to tradition and innovation, thereby not considering inheritance to be imitation but innovation. Modern archaeology has contributed to the discovery of a variety of important medicine-related sites and relics. Many scholars have come to realize the importance of such cultural relics in terms of the history of medicine, pharmacology, and h

关 键 词：本草文献考证 本草考古 二重证据 本草学 

分 类 号：R281[医药卫生—中药学]