利用SPORL法对玉米秸秆预处理最优条件的筛选  

Selection of optimal conditions for maize straw pretreatment by SPORL method

作　　者：姚颜莹 吴景贵[1] 李建明[1] 赵欣宇[1] 王彩云 YAO Yan-ying;WU Jing-gui;LI Jian-ming;ZHAO Xin-yu;WANG Cai-yun(College of Resources and Environment Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China)

机构地区：[1]吉林农业大学资源与环境学院,长春130118

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2018年第5期1009-1015,共7页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0201801);吉林省科技厅重大科技招标专项(20150203004NY)~~

摘　　要：通过SPORL法对玉米秸秆进行预处理并提高其产物有机质含量,探寻固体产物在土壤培肥方面的可利用性及肥料化利用的可行性。在高温高压条件下,以玉米秸秆固体产物的有机质含量作为评价指标,首先筛选出一种最优催化剂,并根据催化剂筛选结果,对催化剂的用量、反应温度进行单因素试验,确定各单因素的条件范围,在此基础上优化反应条件,最后对预处理固体产物的腐殖化程度进行分析。催化剂筛选的结果表明:酸性亚硫酸铵预处理玉米秸秆后的固体产物有机质含量高于其他处理组;以硝酸用量、亚硫酸铵用量和反应温度为三个主要试验因素,进行单因素试验,硝酸用量(V/V)在3%~7%、亚硫酸铵用量(相对于原料干质量,m/m)在10%~20%、反应温度在130~150℃范围内,其固体产物有机质含量较高;以玉米秸秆固体产物有机质含量为响应指标,对试验进行设计并优化反应条件,优化后的反应条件是硝酸用量5.4%、亚硫酸铵用量18%、反应温度150℃,有机质含量预测值为794.40g·kg^(-1);验证试验中有机质含量为788.70 g·kg^(-1),与预测值的相对偏差为5.70 g·kg^(-1)。秸秆固体产物腐殖化分析结果表明,经SPORL法预处理后玉米秸秆固体产物类腐殖物质(HLE)和类胡敏酸(HLA)数量分别增长至20.30 g·kg^(-1)和18.76 g·kg^(-1),类胡敏酸与类富里酸比值(HLA/FLA)增长至12.19。研究表明,玉米秸秆经SPORL法预处理可以产生有机质含量较高的固体产物,并可促进固体产物类腐殖质的形成,提高腐殖化程度。In this study, we explored the possibility of producing organic fertilizer with the solid product from maize straw treated by the Sul-fite Pretreatment to Overcome Recalcitrance of Lignocelluloses（SPORL）method. The acidic ammonium sulfite was chosen as a catalyst because it could generate a solid product with the highest organic matter content. The catalyst is composed of nitric acid and ammonium sulfite,and the pretreatment process is affected by temperature. Thereafter, a single-factor experiment was carried out to assess the application rate of nitric acid and ammonium sulfite, and reaction temperature. The results showed that the solid product had a higher organic matter content when maize straw was treated with 10%-20% ammonium sulfite（relative to dry weight of the solid, m/m）and 3%-7% of nitric acid（V/V）at 130-150 ℃. Accordingly, the response surface methodology was applied to redesign and optimize the pretreatment conditions using organic matter content of the solid product as a response index. Under the optimized reaction conditions, the maize straw treated with 5.4% nitric acid and 18% ammonium sulfite at 150 ℃ could yield a solid product with an organic matter content as high as 794.40 g·kg^（-1）, which was 5.70 g·kg^（-1） more than that obtained in the validation tests. Analysis of humification of the solid product showed that SPORL could promote the formation of humic acid and improve the degree of humification. Therefore, when the maize straw was treated with acidic ammonium sul-fite a catalyst in a reactor at high temperature and high pressure, lignosulfonates could be formed, which could subsequently convert into humic substances that contains a mixture of lingohumic acids and a smaller proportion of low-molecular-weight organic compounds. This method can add to the value of maize straw resource reuse.

关 键 词：SPORL法 玉米秸秆 响应面法 腐殖化 

分 类 号：X712[环境科学与工程—环境工程]