心土层施磷对大豆生长性状及产量的影响  

Effect of Phosphate Fertilizer Applied to Subsoil on Growth and Yield of Soybean

作　　者：高中超[1] 杜春影 王翠玲[3] 高文超[3] 张丽丽 孙磊[1] 刘峰[3] 宋柏权 GAO Zhong-chao;DU Chun-ying;WANG Cui-ling;GAO Wen-chao;ZHANG Li-li;SUN Lei;LIU Feng;SONG Bai-quan(Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Environment Resource Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Harbin 150086 , China;Saertu District Agri- cultural Bureau of Heilongjiang, Daqing 163000, China;Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Harbin 150086, China;Heilongjiang Provincial Key Lab of Cold Region Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization/Key Laboratory of Sugarbeet Genetic Breeding of the Normal University in Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150080, China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省农业科学院土壤肥料与资源环境研究所,黑龙江哈尔滨150086 [2]黑龙江省大庆市萨尔图区农业局,黑龙江大庆163000 [3]黑龙江省农业科学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150086 [4]黑龙江省寒地生态修复与资源利用重点实验室/黑龙江省普通高等学校甜菜遗传育种重点实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨150080

出　　处：《大豆科学》2018年第3期393-398,共6页Soybean Science

基　　金：黑龙江省科学基金(D2016006);国家科技支撑(2017YFD0300405;2013BAD07B01)

摘　　要：为探索黑钙土心土层磷的高效利用机制,通过盆栽模拟试验,对心土层土进行磷培肥,研究不同施磷量0 kg·hm^(-2)(T_0)、30 kg·hm^(-2)(T_1)、60 kg·hm^(-2)(T_2)、120 kg·hm^(-2)(T_3)、240 kg·hm^(-2)(T_4)对大豆生育及产量的影响。结果表明:随着磷施入量的增加,对大豆生育期的各项指标影响呈现单峰曲线变化,但峰值出现的处理略有不同。(1)施磷30~240 kg·hm^(-2)与不施磷(对照)相比能够促进大豆苗期的株高增长、干物质质量增加,即T_1>T_2>T_3>T_4>T_0;SPAD值增大,其中T_2>T_3>T_4>T_1>T_0,且T_1、T_2处理与T_0之间差异显著,但施磷处理间差异不显著;(2)大豆结荚期株高、SPAD值曲线峰值从T_1处理变为T_2处理,但干物质质量的峰值不变,仍为T_1处理,施磷处理间差异不显著;对根瘤的影响,随着施磷量的增加,根瘤数减少,而施磷量T_1~T_3的处理与T_0或T_4处理差异显著,但峰值T_1与T_2、T_3处理间差异不显著;对根系指标的影响,峰值出现T_2处理,其趋势同根瘤一致;对光合参数的影响,其中蒸腾速率、净光合速率的曲线峰值出现在T_2处理,而胞间CO2浓度、气孔导度的曲线峰值为T_1处理,峰值的处理与T_0、T_4处理差异显著;(3)大豆成熟期施磷处理对大豆产量构成因素均有所提高,表现为第1年T_1、T_2处理和第2年的T_2、T_3处理分别与T_0处理相比差异显著,综合分析得出推荐施肥量为T_2处理即磷施用量为60 kg·hm^(-2)。研究表明,心土层土壤施用磷肥可提高大豆产量,但施磷过低或过高都不利于大豆产量增加,初步得出了较为合理的推荐施肥量,对指导黑钙土大豆科学施用磷肥具有重要的意义。In order to explore the usage of phosphate fertilizer effectively in subsoil, phosphate fertilizing experiment was ap-plied to subsoil. We studied the effect of different phosphate levels （0,30,60,120,240 kg. ha-1, marked T0, T1, T2, T3, T4) on growth and product of soybean by potted simulation. The results showed that various specifications presented a sigle-peak curve with increasing of phosphate fertilizer, however, treatments in the peak were different. （1） During the seedling stage, phosphate fertilizing（30-240 kg.ha-1） promoted the height of phants and increased the quality of dry matter, compared to non-phosphate fertilizing treatments,that was T1 〉 T2 〉 T3 〉 T4 〉 To. The spad value increased,T2 〉 T3 〉 T4 〉 T0 〉 To. The differences between T1, T2 and T3 were obvious, however, the differences of treatments under phosphate fertilizing were not ob-vious. （2） There were some differences between pod filling stage and seedling stage. The peak value of plant height and sped changed from T-to T： ,the peak value of the quality in dry matter was still treatment T, and the differences of treatments under phosphate fertilizing were not obvious. Effect on root nodule showed that the number of root nodules was decreasing with in-creasing of phosphate fertilizer. The difference between T--T3 and To/T4 were obvious. The difference of peak value between T1 and Tz, T3 were not obvious. The peak value of root specifications appeared in treatment T2, the tendency was the same as root nodule. The peak value of transpiration rate and net photosynthesis rate appeared in treatment T2, the difference of the peak value （T1) in intercellular CO2 concentration, stomatal conductance and the peak value （T0, T4) were obvious. （3）During the maturity stage, various specifications of soybean product were better under phosphate fertilizer. T1 ,T2 in the first year and the T1, T3 in the second year were quite different from T0. It was better to apply phosphate fertilizer 60 kg ha-1 （T2） to the soil

关 键 词：心土层 磷 大豆 干物质 产量 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学]