海拔梯度对橡胶树生理特性及产量的影响  

Effects of Altitude on Physiological Characteristics and Latex Yield of Hevea brasiliensis

作　　者：田耀华[1,2] 周会平 罗虎[1,2] 谢江 陈国云 原慧芳[1,2] TIAN Yaohua;ZHOU Huiping;LUO Hu;XIE Jiang;CHEN Guoyun;YUAN Huifang(Yunnan Institute of Tropical Crops, Jinghong, Yunnan 666100, China;Jiangcheng Rubber Co., Ltd of Yunnan State Farms Group, Jiangcheng, Yunnan 665907, China)

机构地区：[1]云南省热带作物科学研究所,云南景洪666100 [2]云南农垦集团江城橡胶有限责任公司,云南江城665907

出　　处：《热带作物学报》2018年第4期623-629,共7页Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops

基　　金：云南省重大科技专项计划(No.2016ZA009);云南省热带作物科技创新体系建设资金项目(No.RF2016-1);云南省第十三批技术创新人才培养对象(No.2013HB158)

摘　　要：为了解海拔梯度对橡胶树(Hevea brasiliensis)生理特性和胶乳产量的影响,对4个海拔水平(A1,650~750m;A2,750~850 m;A3,850~950 m;A4,>1 000 m)的2个橡胶树品种(GT1和RRIM600)进行研究。结果表明:随着海拔梯度的上升,土壤水分呈下降趋势,而土壤养分呈低-高-低的规律。海拔梯度对橡胶树生理生态特性和胶乳产量具有显著影响,随着海拔的升高,2个橡胶树品种的Chl含量呈下降趋势,MDA和MP呈上升趋势,而非酶保护物质(SS、Suc、Pro和SP)系统和抗氧化酶(CAT、SOD和POD)系统相互协同发生变化。采用主成分分析法对8个主要生理生化指标分析得出特征值、贡献率、累积贡献率和主成分载荷矩阵,最终提取前3个主成分(POD、SS和Pro)对不同海拔下橡胶树品种进行综合评价。经计算,2个品种在各海拔下综合得分(Q值)高低顺序为:GT1-A3>RRIM600-A3>RRIM600-A2>GT1-A2>RRIM600-A4>GT1-A4 RRIM600-A1>GT1-A1。此研究结果验证了云南热区山地植胶海拔上限为950 m的合理性,而超高海拔(>1 000 m)的确不适合植胶。In order to understand the effects of altitude on physiological characteristics and latex yield of Hevea brasiliensis, two rubber varieties at 4 different altitudinal gradients（A1, 650-750 m; A2, 750-850 m; A3, 850-950 m; A4, 1000 m） were investigated. The results showed that with the increase of altitude gradient, the soil moisture reduced, and soil nutrient presented trend of high-low-high. Altitude gradient had significant effect on the physiological characteristics and latex yield of H. brasiliensis. With the increase of altitude, the Chl content decreased, MDA and MP decline increased, and non-enzymatic protective substances（SS, Suc, Pro and SP） and antioxidant enzyme system（CAT, SOD and POD） changed with each other. Using PCA（principal component analysis） method, the characteristic value, contribution rate, the cumulative contribution rate and component matrix were obtained for the 8 major physiological indexes. Finally, the first three components（POD, SS and Pro） were extracted to give comprehensive evaluation on the performance of two rubber varieties at different altitude levels, achieving dimension reduction. The comprehensive performance scores（Q value） of two study varieties at all altitude levels were calculated as： GT1A3〉RRIM600A3〉RRIM600A2〉GT1A2〉RRIM600A4〉GT1A4 RRIM600 A1〉GT1A1. Overall, the study proved that the altitude limitation in rubber plantation regulation is rationale, and 〉1 000 m altitude is indeed inappropriate to plant H. brasiliensis.

关 键 词：橡胶树 海拔梯度 生理特性 胶乳产量 

分 类 号：Q945.79[生物学—植物学]