土壤纤毛虫群落对不同退还模式生态恢复的响应  

Response of soil ciliate community to ecological restoration of different return patterns

作　　者：宁应之[1] 杨永强 董玟含 张惠茹 马继阳 NING Yingzhi;YANG Yongqiang;DONG Wenhan;ZHANG Huiru;MA Jiyang(The College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University,Lanzhou 730070, China;Gansu Forestry Technological College, Tianshui 741020, China)

机构地区：[1]西北师范大学生命科学学院,兰州730070 [2]甘肃省林业职业技术学院,天水741020

出　　处：《生态学报》2018年第10期3628-3638,共11页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41761056;41361055)

摘　　要：为了探究土壤纤毛虫群落对不同退还模式生态恢复的响应及利用其群落特征来评价退还效果,于2014年4月至2015年7月在甘肃省天祝藏族自治县朵什乡退耕还林区选取了3个不同退还林型样点(云杉、沙棘混交林A1,云杉林A2,沙棘林B1)和2个对照耕地样点(小麦地A0,豌豆地B0)为研究样地,采用"非淹没培养皿法"、活体观察法和培养直接计数法对土壤纤毛虫群落特征进行了研究,同时测定了各样点土壤的相关环境因子,并分析了不同恢复模式下土壤纤毛虫群落特征与植被群落参数、土壤环境因子间的相关性。研究共鉴定到125种土壤纤毛虫,隶属于9纲19目29科34属。结果显示:退还样点和对照样点的土壤纤毛虫群落结构特征存在明显差异(P<0.05),退还样点间的物种相似性减小,群落组成复杂化;退还样点土壤纤毛虫物种数、密度、物种多样性指数、均匀度指数和丰富度指数均明显增高(P<0.05),且各样点间表现为A1>B1>A2>B0>A0;各样点优势类群的演替趋势,由对照样点的肾形目演替为退还样点的散毛目。相关性分析和冗余分析结果表明,退耕还林后,对纤毛虫群落结构稳定影响最主要的是有机质、含水量和全氮的含量,不同林型间土壤纤毛虫群落组成差异较大,表明土壤纤毛虫群落结构可作为对退耕还林生态恢复的评价指标。Rapid economic development in many countries is leading to global environmental degradation. Consequently,the restoration of degraded ecosystems has become an important component of modern ecological research. In the 1990 s,China started the key project of returning farmland to forest in order to realize ecological restoration benefits. Benefits of ecological restoration include protecting and improving the environment and minimizing soil erosion,mitigating the threat of floods,and enhancing biodiversity. With the implementation of the project of returning farmland to forest,studies on returning farmland to forest(grass） have gradually increased,but there has been more emphasis on returning farmland to forests,ecological benefits,vegetation,and the soil environment. Microorganisms play a key role in driving biogeochemical cycles in ecosystems. However,knowledge of soil microbial communities is poor. It is therefore becoming increasingly important to gain a better understanding of soil microorganisms including microbial eukaryotes(protists）. Ciliated protists(ciliates） play an important role in microbial food webs,controlling bacterial populations by predation,transferring carbon and energy through food chains,and releasing nutrients. In soils,the presence of ciliates and other heterotrophic protists is known tosignificantly increase levels of available plant nutrients,such as nitrogen and phosphorous. Furthermore,because of their rich species,short growth cycles,rapid community evolution and sensitivity to environmental change,they are often used as indicators of environmental quality. Current research on soil ciliates mainly focuses on classification,morphogenesis,and molecular information. Changes of soil ciliate community structure after returning farmland to forest and the use of ciliate community structure for evaluating environmental change have received only scant attention. This study investigates the response of soil ciliate communities to the ecological restoration of three different forest types

关 键 词：土壤纤毛虫群落 退还模式 生态恢复 生态响应 冗余分析 

分 类 号：S714.3[农业科学—林学]