强磁场下合金凝固过程控制及功能材料制备  

Control of Solidification Process and Fabrication of Functional Materials with High Magnetic Fields

作　　者：王强[1] 董蒙[1,2] 孙金妹 刘铁 苑轶[3] WANG Qiang;DONG Meng;SUN Jinmei;LIU Tie;YUAN Yi(Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Processing of Materials （Ministry of Education）, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China;School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China;School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China)

机构地区：[1]东北大学材料电磁过程研究教育部重点实验室,沈阳110819 [2]东北大学材料科学与工程学院,沈阳110819 [3]东北大学冶金学院,沈阳110819

出　　处：《金属学报》2018年第5期742-756,共15页Acta Metallurgica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目Nos.51425401;51404060;51690161;51574073和51774086~~

摘　　要：近些年来关于强磁场下材料加工过程的研究取得了长足的发展和进步。本文综述了强磁场下金属材料凝固过程控制和新材料制备的研究进展。重点介绍了强磁场下Lorentz力、热电磁力和磁化力对熔体流动、溶质分布和组织演变的影响规律;磁力矩对磁性相的晶体取向的作用规律;磁偶极间相互作用对相排列的控制作用等。同时,介绍了利用强磁场下的凝固方法制备MnSb/MnSb-Sb梯度复合材料和梯度磁致伸缩材料、各向异性材料等新型功能材料的研究进展。通过强磁场控制金属材料凝固过程可以有效改善材料的微观组织,并进一步提高材料性能,这为开发新型功能材料提供新的途径。In recent years, the research on materials processing under high magnetic fields has developed rapidly. This paper reviews the progress of solidification process control of metal materials and the preparation of new materials under high magnetic fields. The influences of Lorentz force, thermoelectromagnetic force and magnetic force on the melt flow, solute distribution and microstructure evolution in the alloy, the effects of magnetic moment on the crystal orientation of magnetic phase, and the effects of magnetic dipole-dipole interactions on phase arrangement in alloys were mainly introduced. At the same time, this paper also summarizes the progress of preparing new functional materials such as gradient Mn Sb/Mn Sb-Sb composites, gradient magnetostrictive materials, and materials which have anisotropy of crystal orientation by the solidification method under high magnetic fields. The high magnetic fields control the solidification process of the metals to improve the microstructure of the materials and further improve the material properties. This provides a new way for the development of new functional materials.

关 键 词：强磁场 合金 凝固 功能材料 梯度材料 各向异性材料 

分 类 号：TG430.99[金属学及工艺—焊接]