诱导改造对大兴安岭蒙古栎低质林土壤养分的时空影响  

Spatial and temporal changes of soil nutrients to Quercus mongolica lowquality forest in Greater Khingan Mountains after induced transformation

作　　者：管惠文 董希斌 唐国华 张甜 曲杭峰 马晓波 GUAN Huiwen;DONG Xibin;TANG Guohua;ZHANG Tian;QU Hangfeng;MA Xiaobo(Key Laboratory of Forest Sustainable Management and Environmental Microorganism Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, China)

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学森林持续经营与环境微生物工程黑龙江省重点实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨150040

出　　处：《中南林业科技大学学报》2018年第5期1-10,22,共11页Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC0504103)

摘　　要：在大兴安岭蒙古栎低质林进行面积分别为5 m×5 m、10 m×10 m、15 m×15 m、20 m×20 m、25 m×25 m、30 m×30 m的林窗改造和带宽分别为6、10、14、18 m的带状改造,以2010—2016年连续7 a的土壤监测数据为基础,从时间和空间两个方面对土壤养分(包括有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾、速效氮、有效磷、速效钾的元素含量)变化进行分析,同时运用模糊综合指数法对土壤养分进行综合评价。结果表明:经不同的改造方式后,土壤养分各项指标的时空变化没有明显的规律性;权重结果表现为有机质(0.162)>有效磷(0.154)>速效氮(0.152)>速效钾(0.148)>全氮(0.138)>全磷(0.134)>全钾(0.112),有机质和有效磷是土壤养分中重要的影响因子;带状改造中各样地土壤养分综合评价值在改造后4~5 a达到最小,林窗改造在改造后5~6 a土壤养分综合评价值达到最小,说明诱导改造有利于土壤养分的积累;以2016年为例,各样地改造效果均优于对照样地,在带状改造中,10 m带宽的改造效果最好,评价值为1.693,林窗20 m×20 m的改造效果最好,评价值为1.692。经过7 a的诱导改造,林地土壤养分得到有效改善,同时要对土壤进行长期持续观测,为增加林地肥力和改良土壤提供理论依据。Canopy gap reforms with areas of 5 m×5 m, 10 m×10 m, 15 m×15 m, 20 m×20 m, 25 m×25 m and 30 m×30 m, as well as strip reforms with widths of 6 m, 10 m, 14 m and 18 m were carried out in low-quality Quercus mongolica forests in Greater Khingan Mountains. Influences of time and space on soil nutrients including organic matter, total nitrogen（N）, total phosphor（P）, total potassium（K）, available N, available P and available K were analyzed on basis of data of the soil opponents obtained from seven consecutive years（from 2010 to 2016）. In the meantime, fuzzy comprehensive index method was applied to provide further insight into variation of soil nutrients. The results indicated： There were no noticeable regularity of the indices of soil varying with time and space after all the reforms. The weights of all the opponents of the soil were in order like this： organic matter（0.162） 〉Available P（0.154）〉 Available N（0.152） 〉Available K（0.148） 〉Total N（0.138） 〉Total P（0.134） 〉Total K（0.112）, with organic matter and available P being the most influential factors. The overall evaluation of soil nutrients reached the minimum value in the 4 th or 5 th year after strip reform while in the 5 th or 6 th year after canopy reform. It can be inferred from the phenomena above that guiding reforms benefit the accumulation of soil nutrients. In 2016, for instance, the effect of reforms on experiment plots were uniformly better than that on sample plots and the 10 m wide strip reform as well as the 20 m×20 m squared gap reform, evaluated as 1.693 and 1.692 respectively, turned out to have the most favorable effects. Soil nutrients had been improved after 7 years′ inducing reforms. Still, it is necessary to observe the soil constantly over a long period of time to provide theoretical basis for the improvement of soil configuration and fertility.

关 键 词：蒙古栎低质林 诱导改造 时空变化 模糊综合评价 

分 类 号：S756.5[农业科学—森林经理学]