中国科技创新发展格局与类型划分--基于投入规模和创新效率的分析  

Development pattern of scientific and technological innovation and typical zone in China based on the analysis of scale and efficiency

作　　者：刘汉初[1,2] 樊杰 周侃[1] LIU Hanchu;FAN Jie;ZHOU Kan(Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所、区域可持续发展分析与模拟重点实验室,北京100101 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《地理研究》2018年第5期910-924,共15页Geographical Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(40830741); 中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院重大咨询项目(Y02015005)

摘　　要：科技创新是转型期中国区域发展格局重塑的新兴驱动力,对区域协调发展至关重要。地区科技创新能力的提高不仅需要加大科技资源投入规模,更应该注重提升科技综合效率。本文立足投入产出视角,构建科技创新效率综合测度指标体系,利用阿尔蒙法分布滞后模型引入科技创新的滞后效应,并采用可变规模报酬VRS模型,评估中国30个省域单元的科技创新有效的累计投入规模和创新效率,揭示创新效率的变化趋势及空间分异规律,根据投入规模和创新效率两个维度划分出科技创新发展类型区。结果表明:(1)中国科技创新投入规模呈现出"沿海—内陆"的极大差距,区域间科技创新投入差距已经大于经济发展水平的差距。中国科技创新效率总体水平偏低,但呈不断上升的趋势。(2)科技创新效率的空间分异明显,高效率单元集中在北京、天津、上海、浙江、广东等发达省份,科技创新效率在区域层面上总体呈现由东向西梯度递减规律。(3)科技创新效率与区域经济发展水平的空间耦合程度较高,创新效率依次从发达地区、较发达地区、一般发展区到欠发达地区逐渐降低。(4)中国省域单元可划分为科技创新引领区、科技创新突破区、科技创新提升区、科技创新赶超区4种科技创新发展的类型区,并根据当前各类型区科技创新的优势及问题,提出了提高科技创新发展水平的政策建议。The increasing influence of scientific and technological（ST） innovation on the regional development spatial structure in China promotes the Chinese economy into a new era of endogenous growth driven by innovation. A large capital investment, from central to local,has been provided to enhance the capacity for innovation. Such an investment is important for the regional development within the transitional period. However, the ST innovation efficiency is recognized as a more crucial factor affecting sustainable development in the long run. From the input-output perspective, this study develops a comprehensive framework for measuring the ST innovation efficiency of 30 provinces in China. A methodology combining the distributed lag models of Almon and the variable returns to scale model is set up to assess the effective cumulative total investment scale of technological innovation and ST innovation efficiency in China at the provincial level. Based on this assessment, the spatial variation and evolution of the ST innovation efficiency are examined. Further, the type of region is identified by synthetically considering its investment scale and the ST innovation efficiency,followed by several policy suggestions. The results are obtained as follows：（1） a large innovational investment gap, which is larger than the economic gap among regions, exists between coastal and inland areas;（2） the total ST innovation efficiency of China is comparatively low, but the rising trend is continuous;（3） the ST innovation efficiency shows an obvious spatial heterogeneity as high-efficiency provinces are mainly concentrated in wealthier coastal areas such as cities of Beijing, Tianjin and Shanghai, as well as provinces of Zhejiang and Guangdong; the ST innovation efficiency experiences a gradual decline from east to west within China;（4） a high spatial coupling between the ST innovation efficiency and the level of economic development is observed as the ST innovation efficiency decreases with the decline in the econom

关 键 词：科技创新 创新效率 发展格局 滞后效应 DEA模型 中国 

分 类 号：F124.3[经济管理—世界经济] G322[文化科学]