山西东南部气温和降水极值研究  

Extreme Values of Temperature and Precipitation in Southeast Shanxi Province

作　　者：张红英 李毓富 刘耀文 张瑞庭 裴坤宁 ZHANG Hong-ying;LI Yu-fu;LIU Yao-wen;ZHANG Rui-ting;PEI Kun-ning(Changzhi Meteorological Bureau, Changzhi 046000, Shanxi, China;Jincheng Meteorological Bureau, Jincheng 048026, Shanxi, China;Chengdu University of Information Engineering, Chengdu 610225, China)

机构地区：[1]山西省长治市气象局,山西长治046000 [2]晋城市气象局,山西晋城048026 [3]成都信息工程大学,四川成都610225

出　　处：《干旱区研究》2018年第3期589-596,共8页Arid Zone Research

基　　金：山西省气象局面上项目(SXKMSTQ20185136)资助

摘　　要：为了了解山西省东南部地区天气气候的极端程度,掌握气象要素的变化范围和时空分布的离散特征,选取山西省东南部（长治市、晋城市）16个县市1976—2015年的逐日气温和降水资料,对该区域气温极值和降水极值时空变化规律加以分析。结果表明：（1）近40 a来气温极端值总体呈上升趋势。研究其空间分布发现：极端最高值出现在黎城县,极值为40.2℃;极端最低值出现在沁源县,为-27.7℃。从时间分布来看：极端最高气温主要出现在5月下旬到7月下旬,且6月下旬出现频率最高;气温极端最低值主要出现在12月下旬至次年1月中旬,1月出现气温极低值频率最高。（2）1976—2015年极端降水量强度最大值呈明显上升趋势。近40 a日降水量最大值出现在南部的晋城,为221.2 mm;从极端降水量空间分布来看：晋东南中部地区为低值区,西北部和南部分别为高值区;年极端降水量主要出现在7、8月,而7月的上旬和下旬是年极端降水量的高发期。（3）近40 a来气温极值和降水极值都存在一定的振荡周期。最高气温极值存在着准4 a振荡周期;极端最低气温存在准12 a的振荡周期;年极端降水量存在准15 a和8 a的振荡周期。（4）对气温和降水极值突变分析发现：气温极端最高值有明显突变,极端降水量和气温极端最低值有突变,但趋势不明显。极端降水和气温极值均具有明显的区域特征。In this paper,the daily temperature and precipitation data from 16 counties and cities in southeast Shanxi Province（ Changzhi City and Jincheng City） in nearly 40 years from 1976 to 2015 were used to analyze the spatiotemporal variation of extreme temperature and extreme precipitation. The purposes of the study were to reveal the extreme degree of weather and climate in the study area and grasp the variation range of meteorological factors and their discrete characteristics of spatiotemporal distribution. The results showed that extreme precipitation and extreme temperature were obviously regional.（1） The extreme temperature was generally in an increase trend in the past 40 years. The study revealed that the extremely high value of temperature（ 40. 2 ℃） occurred in Licheng County,and the extremely low one（-27. 7 ℃） in north Qinyuan County. Viewed from the temporal distribution,the extreme maximum temperature occurred mainly during the period from late May to late July,and its highest frequency occurred in late June; the extreme minimum temperature occurred during the period from late December to next mid-January,and its highest frequency occurred in January;（2） The maximum intensity of extreme precipitation during the period of 1976-1915 was in a significantly increase trend. In the recent 40 years,the maximum daily precipitation（ 221. 2 mm） occurred in Jincheng. According to the spatial distribution of extreme precipitation,its low value occurred in the southeastern region of the province,and its high values in the northwestern and southern regions. The annual extreme precipitation occurred mainly in July and August,especially in early and late July;（3） There were the 4-year quasi-periods of extreme maximum temperature fluctuation,a 12-year ones of extreme minimum temperature,and 15-year and 8-year ones of annual precipitation fluctuation in the past 40 years;（4） The abrupt change of extreme temperature was significant,but that of extreme precipitation and extreme minimum temp

关 键 词：年极端最高气温 年极端最低气温 年极端降水量 时空分布 倾向率 突变 山西 

分 类 号：P423[天文地球—大气科学及气象学] P426.6