中药材无公害精细栽培体系研究  

Research of pollution-free and precision cultivation system of Chinese herbal medicines

作　　者：陈士林[1] 董林林[1] 郭巧生[2] 魏建和[3] 李西文[1] 李刚 李琦 刘玉德 刘思京 徐江[1] 余育启 吴杰[1] 梁重恒 CHEN Shi-lin;DONG Lin-lin;GUO Qiao-sheng;WEI Jian-he;LI Xi-wen;LI Gang;LI Qi;LIU Yu-de;LIU Si-jing;XU Hong;YU Yu-qi;WU Jie;LIANG Chong-heng(Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China;Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences ＆ Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China;China Medico Corporation, Beijing 100062, China;Shanghai Traditional Chinese Medicine Co. , Ltd. , Shanghai 200002, China;Shenzhen Tsumura Medicine Co. , Ltd. , Shenzhen 518103, China;Sichnan Lincun Medicao Corporation, Chengdu 610000, China;Wenshan Miaoxiang Notoginseng Technology Co. , Ltd. , Wenshan 663000, China;University of Macao , Macao 999078 , China)

机构地区：[1]中国中医科学院中药研究所,北京100700 [2]南京农业大学,江苏南京210095 [3]中国医学科学院药用植物研究所,北京100193 [4]盛实百草药业有限公司,北京100062 [5]上海市药材有限公司,上海200002 [6]深圳津村药业有限公司,广东深圳518103 [7]四川林村中药材有限公司,四川成都610000 [8]文山苗乡三七股份有限公司,云南文山663000 [9]澳门大学,澳门999078

出　　处：《中国中药杂志》2018年第8期1517-1528,共12页China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(81603238);北京市科技新星项目(xx2018014)

摘　　要：针对中药材无序生产、不规范使用农药等问题,研究团队通过GIS信息技术指导药用植物精准选址,以现代组学方法辅助药用植物育种,以宏基因组学指导土壤复合改良,以合理施肥及病虫害综合防治为主的田间精细管理,建立了中药材无公害精细栽培体系。在全国多个贫困县指导开展了无公害中药材生产布局;通过解析中药基原物种基因组遗传背景,建立药用植物抗性品种选育平台,获得一批新品种和良种,新品种推广降低病虫害发生率;基于病虫害基因检测技术和无公害农药安全性评价技术,人参、三七、丹参、西洋参、五味子、桔梗等中药材的化学农药用量减少20%～80%。中药材无公害精细栽培体系的应用获得了显著的社会、经济及生态效益。The issues of disordering production and non-standard pesticide application are common in the production of Chinese herbal medicines. Aimed to above problems,research groups built the pollution-free and precision cultivation system of medicinal plants. This system mainly included the precise site selection of medicinal plants based on the GIS technology,modern omics-assisted breeding,metagenomics guiding the soil complex improvement,and the precise field management based on rational application of fertilizer and comprehensive control of disease. At present,the production and distribution of medicinal plants were performed in the many poor counties of the whole nation. The breeding platform of resistant varieties was built,and certificates of new and well-bred varieties were received,in the base of genetic backgrounds of the original species of medicinal plants. The disease incidences were declined after application of these resistant varieties. Additionally,chemical pesticide consumption of medicinal plants（ such as Panax ginseng,P. notoginseng,Salvia miltiorrhiza,P. quinquefolium,Schisandra chinensis,Platycodon grandiflorum and P. grandiflorus etc.） reduced by 20%-80% based on the genetic testing technologies of plant diseases and insect pests and safety evaluation of pollution-free pesticides. The application of pollution-free and precision cultivation system of Chinese herbal medicines achieve significantly social,economic and ecological benefits.

关 键 词：无公害中药材 精细栽培 选址 育种 土壤复合改良 综合防治 

分 类 号：S567[农业科学—中草药栽培]