宁夏中卫常乐汉墓出土欧罗巴人种的生物考古学考察  

Bioarchaeological Study of Human Skeletons Showing Caucasian Characteristics from the Han Tomb at Changle, Ningxia

作　　者：周亚威[1] 王仁芳[2] 

机构地区：[1]郑州大学历史学院 [2]宁夏回族自治区文物考古研究所

出　　处：《考古与文物》2018年第2期136-140,共5页Archaeology and Cultural Relics

基　　金：国家哲学社会科学基金重大项目(项目编号:12&ZD191);国家哲学社会科学基金青年项目(17CKG021);第57批中国博士后科学基金面上基金(2015M572113);河南省博士后科研资助(2014019)资助

摘　　要：宁夏中卫常乐汉代墓葬12SCMT西棺人骨,是迄今为止中国境内(除新疆以外)出现的时代最早的西方人种资料,它的发现,把具有西方人种特征的古代居民进入黄河中上游的时间提前至西汉末期。体质人类学研究结果:该个体为一60岁左右的男性,生前身高约171厘米,额骨发现有多处砍伤和钝器伤导致的骨折,上颌牙齿全部脱落,下颌牙齿龋病严重,并伴有根尖脓肿,胸骨柄、胸骨体和剑突生前骨化。颅骨形态学特征表明该个体应为古欧洲人类型,比对结果显示常乐M7与新疆古墓沟组、焉不拉克C组关系最为接近,与宁夏固原九龙山南塬墓葬出土的具有中亚两河特征的欧罗巴人种差别显著。关于丝绸之路上汉唐欧罗巴人种不同类型的多元性问题,有待于更多考古和人类学工作的开展。The human remains from the tomb No.7 （west coffin） at the Changle cemetery in Ningxia was the earliest evidence hitherto showing the physical characteristics of Caucasian in ancient China （excluding the Xingjian area）. This new discovery dates the early arrival of possible Caucasian population at the upper Yellow river back to the end of the Western Han period. Bioarchaeological study shows that the remains belonged to a male around 60 years-old with the height of 171 cm. Several pathological wounds caused by a sharp-edged tool and bone fractures were identified on the skull. Moreover, the upper teeth of the skull were all lost, while the lower teeth displayed serious cavities and periodontal diseases. Sternum shows pre-mortem ossification. The morphology of the skull indicates that the individual shows Caucasian characteristics which are similar to the populations of the so-called Gumuguo group in Xinjian and the C group of Yanmulake but are distinctively different from those with Caucasian characteristics at the Nanyuan cemetery in Jiulongshan. The new discovery sheds new light on the diversity and heterogeneity of individuals showing Caucasian characteristics on the Silk Roads. More archaeological investigations are needed.

关 键 词：欧罗巴人种 宁夏 颅骨 常乐墓葬 

分 类 号：K878.8[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]