基于红外相机调查的卧龙自然保护区兽类资源时空分布特征  

Spatio-temporal distribution characteristics of mammals investigated using infrared camera traps in Wolong Nature Reserve

作　　者：侯金 杨建[2] 李玉杰[1] 黄金燕 刘巅 张晋东[1] HOU Jin;YANG Jian;LI Yujie;HUANG Jinyan;LIU Dian;ZHANG Jindong(College of Life Sciences, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China;Dengsheng Protection Station, Sichuan Wolong National Nature Reserve Administration, Wolong 623006, China;China Conservation and Research Center for Giant Panda, Wolong 623006, China)

机构地区：[1]西华师范大学生命科学学院,四川南充637002 [2]四川卧龙国家级自然保护区管理局邓生保护站,四川卧龙623006 [3]中国大熊猫保护研究中心,四川卧龙623006

出　　处：《南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）》2018年第3期187-192,共6页Journal of Nanjing Forestry University：Natural Sciences Edition

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41571517);西华师范大学留学归校人员资助专项(14B01);西华师范大学英才基金项目(17YC358);西华师范大学博士科研启动项目(17E073;17E074);西华师范大学2015年校级大学生创新创业基金项目(427301);川港卧龙持续合作计划项目(HK09;SC07)

摘　　要：【目的】调查四川卧龙自然保护区内野生兽类资源并分析其时空分布特征,为保护区野生动物资源的保护管理提供参考。【方法】于2015年1月—2016年6月,在卧龙自然保护区布设165台红外相机,调查野生兽类的物种组成、相对丰富度,比较分析野生兽类在多时空尺度上(如不同植被类型、海拔和生态季节)的出现频率。【结果】研究期间,利用红外相机共拍摄到有效兽类照片1 619张,鉴定兽类25种(分属5目13科)。调查发现,夏秋季野生兽类的相对丰富度最高,冬季次之,春季最低;少部分兽类(如雪豹(Panthera uncial)、岩羊(Pseudois nayaur)等)生活在高海拔的高山草甸及流石滩生境,大部分兽类生活在落叶阔叶林与针阔混交林中。【结论】卧龙自然保护区存在丰富的珍稀濒危兽类资源(如大熊猫(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)、金丝猴(Rhinopithecus roxellana)),应对这些哺乳动物的高时空活动频率(如夏秋季和中等海拔地区(1 700~3 500 m))进行集中研究,如探究其生境适宜性及日常行为,加强对它们的监督和保护。【Objective】To investigate mammal abundance and spatio-temporal distribution in the Wolong National Nature Reserve,and provide a reference for the protection and management of wildlife in the Nature Reserve.【Method】We surveyed the species composition and relative abundance of mammals using 165 infrared cameras in the Wolong National Nature Reserve,Sichuan Province,from January 2015 to June 2016. We analyzed the factors driving the occurrence frequency of mammals at multiple spatio-temporal scales,such as different vegetation types,elevation,and climatic seasons. 【Result】During the study period,there were 1 619 photos of 25 species of mammals（ representing 5 orders and 13 families） taken by the infrared cameras. The relative abundance of mammals were highest in the Summer and Autumn,lower in Winter,and lowest in Spring. A small number of wild mammals,such as the snow leopard（ Panthera uncial）and blue sheep（ Pseudois nayaur） were found to live in high-altitude alpine meadows and alpine scree habitats. Most mammals were found in deciduous broad-leaved and mixed coniferous/broad-leaved forests. 【Conclusion】Wolong Nature Reserve is rich in rare and endangered wildlife,such as the giant panda（ Ailuropoda melanoleuca） and golden monkey（ Rhinopithecus roxellana）. We suggest that focused analyses of the mammals＇ areas of high frequency spatial-temporal activity（ such as Autumn and medium altitude（ 1 700-3 500 m））,and investigations into habitat suitability and behav-ior,are needed to intensify their supervision and protection.

关 键 词：四川卧龙国家级自然保护区 红外相机 兽类 物种丰富度 时空分布特征 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学] S718.6[农业科学—林学]