具交配晕厥习性的3种漏斗蛛性行为比较研究  

Comparative study on sexual behavior of three funnel-web spiders presenting catalepsy during copulation

作　　者：刘继贺 肖永红[2] 陈志武[2,3] 刘科科 徐湘[1] LIU Ji-He1,2, XIAO Yong-Hong2, CHEN Zhi-Wu2,3, LIU Ke-Ke1,2 , XU Xiang1.(1. College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, P. R. China ;2. College of Life Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Ji＇an 343009, P. R. China ; 3. School of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, P. R. Chin)

机构地区：[1]湖南师范大学生命科学学院,长沙410081 [2]井冈山大学生命科学学院,江西吉安343009 [3]江西农业大学农学院,南昌330045

出　　处：《蛛形学报》2018年第1期44-50,共7页Acta Arachnologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金（31772423/31560592）、湖南省研究生科研创新（CX2017B231）资助项目

摘　　要：交配晕厥习性是蜘蛛在繁殖过程中表现出的一种独特性行为方式，表现为雌蛛在交配时进入晕厥状态从而对外界刺激失去行为上的反应，形成完全由雄蛛支配和控制的交配方式。交配晕厥是性冲突的极端例子，目前有关这种性行为报道仅限于漏斗蛛。本研究对我国南方常见的森林漏斗蛛、机敏异漏斗蛛和阴暗拟隙蛛的性行为进行比较研究，以期发现漏斗蛛性行为的共性和差异。3种漏斗蛛在交配前雄蛛均在雌蛛网上举行求偶舞蹈仪式，主导整个交配过程直到安全离开配偶；雌蛛在雄蛛求偶舞蹈时表现安静，交配时陷入晕厥状态，交配前后均极少攻击或捕食配偶。3种漏斗蛛的求偶和交配行为模式有所区别，机敏异漏斗蛛求偶时间和交配时间均约3小时；森林漏斗蛛求偶仅需约3分钟，交配时间与机敏异漏斗蛛相当；阴暗拟隙蛛求偶时间短约3分钟，但交配时间平均长达20小时，此间雌蛛一直处于晕厥状态。有关漏斗蛛交配晕厥的生态学及进化学意义值得深入探讨。Mating catalepsy is a special sexual behaviour in spiders, presenting as the female falls into catalepsy and hence become behavioural inactive while the male manipulates the whole copulation process. It is one of the extreme cases of sexual conflict in spiders and has been reported in some funnel-web spiders till now. We studied sexual behaviour of three funnel-web spiders commonly distributing in south China, including Allagelena difficilis, Agelena silvatica and Pireneitega luctuosa, so as to discover general and particular features in reproduction of the funnel-web spiders. All the males displayed courting behaviour on the females webs and manipulate the copulation process till safely leave their mates. The females presented quietly during the male courtship and fell into catalepsy during copulation, and rarely launched aggressive or predation behaviour rarely occurred to their male mates. There are some differences in courtship and mating pattern among the three funnel-web spiders. Males in A. difficilis spent about 3 h for courting and got almost same mating time. While males in A. silvatica just spent about 3min for courting and got as same mating time as those in A. difficilis. In P. luctuosa, males displayed courting behaviour for about 3 min and their mating time is much longer than those in A. silvatica and A. difficilis, averagely up to 20 h for the mates. Females in P. luctuosa maintained catalepsy during the whole copulation process. It is worthwhile to explore further on ecological and evolutionary significance of the mating catalepsy in the funnel-web spiders.

关 键 词：蜘蛛 性行为 交配晕厥 性冲突 

分 类 号：Q959.7[生物学—动物学]