海口市学龄前儿童孤独症谱系障碍筛查率及其影响因素  

Screening positive rate and influencing factors of autism spectrum disorder among preschool children,Haikou city

作　　者：刘颖[1] 林尧[1] 黄丽红[1] LIU Ying;LIN Yao;HUANG Li - hong(Haikou Municipal Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Haikou, Hainan 570203, Chin)

机构地区：[1]海南省海口市妇幼保健院儿保科,海南海口570203

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2018年第11期1975-1979,共5页Modern Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的了解海口市学龄前儿童孤独症筛查阳性率及其影响因素。方法采取分层随机整群抽样的方法,抽取海口市23家幼儿园学龄前儿童共3 844名,使用克氏孤独症量表和自制的影响因素调查问卷进行调查。结果本次调查的3 844例儿童,年龄分布在24~84个月,男女比例为1.26∶1,城市与农村比例为2.06∶1,汉族与少数民族比例为25.69∶1。孤独症谱系障碍筛查阳性率为5.10%,单因素分析发现,男性、低年龄、农村户籍、父母文化程度低、低出生体重、宫内发育迟缓、高龄产妇组儿童的孤独症谱系障碍筛查阳性率较高,差异有统计学意义。多重线性回归分析发现,父母文化程度高、城市户籍为孤独症谱系障碍的保护因素,男童、低年龄、低出生体重、宫内发育迟缓为孤独症谱系障碍的危险因素。结论应该以男童、低年龄、农村户籍、有低出生体重、宫内发育迟缓史的学龄前儿童为重点观察对象,加强家长以及幼师对孤独症谱系障碍的认识,做到早期识别,早诊断、早干预。Objective To explore the positive rate and influencing factors of autism spectrum disorder （ASD） among preschool children in Haikou city. Methods 3 844 children from 23 kindergartens in Haikou city selected through layered random cluster sampling method were investigated by Claney Autism Behavior Scale （CABS） and a self - designed questionnaire. Results The age range of the 3 844 children is from 24 -84 months with a male to female ratio of 1.26：1 ,an urban to rural household registration ratio of 2.06： 1, and a ratio of Han to minority nationalities of 25.69： 1. The positive rate of ASD was 5.10%. Univariate analysis showed that male, low age, rural household registration, low educational levels of parents, low birth weight （LBW） ,intrauterine growth retardation （IUGR）, and advanced maternal age groups related to higher positive rate of ASD screening, which was statistically significant. Multiple regression analysis for CABS scores showed that high educational levels of parents and the urban household registration were the protective factors, while the factors of male,low age, LBW, and IUGR were the risk factors. Conclusion Low aged preschool boys with rural household, LBW and IUGR were the focus of the study on ASD. The knowledge of parents and kindergarten teachers on ASD must be strengthened so that early detection, early diagnosis and early intervention of ASD can be realized.

关 键 词：孤独症 克氏 影响因素 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]