论“险些”的词汇化——兼论同义词语词汇化过程中的交互影响  

On the Lexicalization of "Xianxie"——Also on the Effects between Synonyms in Lexicalization

作　　者：陈秀清[1] CHEN Xiu-qing(Department of Chinese Language and Literature, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学中国语言文学系,上海200241

出　　处：《新疆大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2018年第2期139-144,共6页Journal of Xinjiang University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目"互动语言学视阈下汉语羡余否定现象研究"(16CYY044)

摘　　要："险些"是现代汉语中比较常见的一个词语,它具有非常特殊的词汇化历程。"险"本身在不晚于宋朝就已经发展出和现代汉语中"险些"相当的语义和用法,但此后遭遇汉语双音化的大潮,需要和其它词语进行结合实现双音化,而与之结合的词语只是起到填充音节的作用,在语义上并无贡献。"险"模仿了同义词语"争些"的构词方式,后加"些"形成了"险些"一词,后来又受同义词语"几乎"的影响出现"险乎"这一变体。除此之外,还出现过其它变体"险一点""险一些"。这些都反映了"险些"在词汇化过程中具有一定程度的不稳定性,一直在试图模仿其它词语,摇摆于多个形式之间。＂Xianxie （险些）＂, a common word in modern Chinese, has experienced a special lexicalization process. ＂Xian＂ acquired the same meaning and usage as ＂Xianxie＂ in Chinese no later than the Song Dynasty. However, under the pressure of the tendency of bisyllablization in Chinese, it must combine with another word to form a bisyllable word. The combined word had no meaning but just functioned as a filled syllable. To analogize the synonymous pattern of ＂Zhengxie （争些）＂, ＂Xianxie＂ was formed and later generated a variant of ＂Xianhu （险乎）＂ under the influence of the synonym ＂Jihu （几乎）＂. In addition, other variants such as ＂Xianyidian （险一点）＂ and ＂Xianyixie （险一些）＂ were also used, which proved the instability of ＂Xianxie＂ in its lexicalization ---moving between several forms in its imitation of other words..

关 键 词：险些 争些 几乎 词汇化 羡余否定 

分 类 号：H14[语言文字—汉语]