金属材料低温深冷拉伸试验装置的研制  

Development of tensile test device for metallic materials at cryogenic temperature

作　　者：姜恒[1] 陈学东[1] 范志超[1] 赵俊[2] 武义锋[2] Jiang Heng;Chen Xuedong;Fan Zhichao;Zhao Jun;Wu Yifeng(Hefei General Machinery Research Institute, National Safety Engineering Technology Research Center for Pressure Vessels and Pipeline, Key Laboratory for Safety Technology of Pressure Vessels and Pipelines of Anhui Province, Hefei 230031, China;AnhuiVacree Technologies Co. , Ltd. , Hefei 230088, China)

机构地区：[1]合肥通用机械研究院国家压力容器与管道安全工程技术研究中心安徽省压力容器与管道安全技术重点实验室,合肥230031 [2]安徽万瑞冷电科技有限公司,合肥230088

出　　处：《低温与超导》2018年第6期11-15,共5页Cryogenics and Superconductivity

基　　金：安徽省重大科学仪器设备开发专项(1310115194);合肥通用机械研究院青年科技基金项目(2012011079)

摘　　要：以氦气作为冷媒,利用G-M制冷机作为冷源,可实现室温至-269℃(4.2K)全范围内的低温环境。将其与常规材料拉伸试验机相结合,建立了金属材料深冷低温拉伸测试系统。解决好深冷环境下试验系统的密封与漏热问题,是实现低温拉伸测试的关键技术环节。在-196℃(77K)以上温度区间,采用液氮辅助预冷的方法,可显著提高系统的降温速率,相比于常规直接以液氮或液氦为冷源的制冷方式,利用制冷机制冷进行低温拉伸测试的方法,不仅适用温度范围广,且可极大地降低试验成本,兼具实用性与经济性。A testing system was developed for tensile test of metallic materials in the whole range from ambient temperature to -269℃ （4.2K）. The low temperature environment was created with G- M refrigerator as cooling source and gas helium as coolant. The key to realize cryogenic temperature environment was good system sealing and reducing the heat loss to the surround- ings. In the temperature range above -196℃ （77K）, the system cooling rate can be significantly accelerated by pre -cooling with liquid nitrogen. Creating low temperature environment with G - M refrigerator is more practical and economical than the con- ventional refrigeration ways, such as using liquid nitrogen or helium as the cold source. It gets broad test temperature range, but needs less liquid helium, which is rare and expensive.

关 键 词：金属材料 低温 拉伸测试 G-M制冷机 

分 类 号：O514[理学—低温物理] TG115.52[理学—物理]