入侵植物的繁殖策略以及对本土植物繁殖的影响  

On reproductive strategies of invasive plants and their impacts on native plants

作　　者：孙士国 卢斌 卢新民 黄双全[1] Shiguo Sun;Bin Lu;Xinmin Lu;Shuangquan Huang(Institute of Evolution and Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079;School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002)

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学生命科学学院进化与生态研究所,武汉430079 [2]三峡大学生物与制药学院,湖北宜昌443002

出　　处：《生物多样性》2018年第5期457-467,共11页Biodiversity Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31730012;31770252);华中师范大学中央高校基本科研业务费项目(CCNU18TS025)

摘　　要：理解入侵生物的繁殖策略是阐明生物入侵机制的一个重要方面。入侵植物常表现出一些共同的繁殖特征,如以两性花为主的性系统、自动自交为主的繁育系统或不依赖传粉媒介的无融合生殖和无性繁殖以及高生殖投资的资源配置策略等。成功入侵的外来植物通过影响本土的传粉者,在种群和群落水平上影响本土植物的有性繁殖,甚至促使某些本土植物在繁殖对策和表型性状上发生快速转变。目前,入侵植物繁殖策略及其生态效应的研究多侧重于入侵种的快速演化,而有关外来植物与本土植物间的相互影响及其可能存在的协同适应研究还较为缺乏。探讨本土植物在外来种入侵压力下的繁殖对策和响应机制,将丰富人们对物种间竞争、共存及群落构建等机制的深入了解。从繁殖和适应的角度探求入侵植物与本土植物之间的复杂关系,将有助于解析生物入侵的机制及人类干扰下的物种演化规律,也为预测和防控入侵植物提供科学依据。Non-native plant invasion imposes great threats to global diversity and ecological safety, and now is a hot-spot of ecological studies. Understanding the reproductive strategies of invasive plants could provide insights into the invasion mechanisms and be helpful for proposing prevention and control strategies. Non-native invasive plants generally possess following reproductive traits： hermaphrodite-dominated sexual system, autonomous selfing-dominated breeding system, even asexual reproduction and apomixis, and high proportion of resources allocated to sexual reproduction, which may facilitate the success of some invasive plants. In turn, non-native plants could alter native plant-pollinator interactions, and in most cases decrease pollinator visitation and fitness of native plants. In addition, non-native plants may act as environmental stresses triggering rapid adaptation and evolution in reproductive strategies and phenotypes of resident native species in receipt communities. Studies in this field mostly have focused on rapid adaptation of invasive species to their new environments, while how native and non-native plants co-adapt and diverge remains largely unexplored, in particular from the perspective of plant reproduction. A better understanding of competition and cooperation between native and non-native plants will shed lights on rapid responses of native plants to non-native plant invasions. Such community studies of interspecific interactions with or without a competitor could provide evidence for displacement of reproductive traits and species coexistence, and improve our ability to predict and manage non-native invasive plants.

关 键 词：生物入侵 繁育系统 繁殖对策 入侵植物 本土植物 留存植物 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]