热带树木燃烧颗粒物中脱水糖和醋菲烯的排放特征  

Emission Characteristics of Dehydrated Sugar and Acephenanthrylene in Particles from Tropical Forest Burning

作　　者：金诚妙 崔敏 韩勇[1] 陈颖军[1] 唐娇 李军[2] 张干[2] JIN Cheng-miao;CUI Min;HAN Yong;CHEN Ying-jun;TANG Jiao;LI Jun;ZHANG Gan(College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China;Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China)

机构地区：[1]同济大学环境科学与工程学院,上海200092 [2]中国科学院广州地球化学研究所,广州510640

出　　处：《环境科学》2018年第6期2538-2547,共10页Environmental Science

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项;国家自然科学基金项目(41430645;41473091;91744203);广州市科学研究专项重点项目(201504010002)

摘　　要：森林植被燃烧是大气颗粒物的重要来源之一.为研究生物示踪物,对22种东南亚典型热带树木进行开放式燃烧实验,这些树木主要可分为常绿乔木、落叶乔木和灌木这3大类.分析植被燃烧产生的脱水糖、醋菲烯(acephenanthrylene)、醋蒽烯(aceanthrylene)、惹烯等生物质燃烧示踪物的排放因子特征.22种典型东南亚热带树木燃烧产生的颗粒物中3种植物类型的总糖平均排放因子大小趋势为:常绿乔木(1.56 g·kg^(-1)±1.01 g·kg^(-1))<灌木(1.99 g·kg^(-1)±0.64 g·kg^(-1))<落叶乔木(5.38 g·kg^(-1)±7.18 g·kg^(-1));醋菲烯平均排放因子趋势为常绿乔木(2.63 mg·kg^(-1)±2.44 mg·kg^(-1))≈灌木(2.46 mg·kg^(-1)±2.14 mg·kg^(-1))<落叶乔木(6.07 mg·kg^(-1)±8.50 mg·kg^(-1)).关于示踪物特征比率,乔木、灌木的左旋葡聚糖(Lev)/甘露聚糖(Man)平均值分别为20.6±11.9、23.2±9.20,总范围为5.80~51.5;两者的醋菲烯(AP)/醋蒽烯(AC)平均值分别为7.13±5.18、5.53±1.51.相较于受影响条件较多的脱水糖,芳烃类化合物分析方法简捷,其中AP/AC虽然较荧蒽(FL)/芘(PY)的稳定性略差,但受到的其他污染源干扰少、特异性高.因此,在生物质源解析方面可以综合考虑各示踪物的优缺点以提高准确性,其中醋菲烯是作为生物示踪物的较优选择.Forest vegetation burning is an important source of atmospheric particulates.In this study,22 kinds of typical tropical trees in Southeast Asia,which can be divided into evergreen trees,deciduous trees,and shrubs,were selected for experimentation.The emission characteristics of dehydrated sugar,acephenanthrylene,aceanthrylene,and retene were analyzed.The trend of the average emission factor for total sugar was evergreen trees（1.56 g·kg（-1）± 1.01 g·kg（-1）） 〈shrubs（1.99 g·kg（-1）± 0.64 g·kg（-1）） 〈 deciduous trees（5.38 g·kg（-1）± 7.18 g·kg（-1））.Furthermore,the trend of the average emission factor of acephenanthrylene was evergreen trees（2.63 mg·kg（-1）± 2.44 mg·kg（-1）） ≈ shrubs（2.46 mg·kg（-1） g ± 2.14 mg·kg（-1））〈 deciduous trees（6.07 mg·kg（-1）± 8.50 mg·kg（-1））.For ratios of organic biomarkers,the average ratios of Lev/Man for trees and shrubs were 20.6 ± 11.90 and 23.2 ± 9.20,respectively.The range of Lev/Man was 5.8-51.5 in this study.The average ratios of AP/AC for trees and shrubs were 7.13 ± 5.18 and 5.53 ± 1.51,respectively.Compared with the dehydrated sugar,which was affected by more conditions,the analysis methods of aromatic hydrocarbons were simple.Furthermore,although the ratio of AP/AC was less stable than that of FL/PY in this manuscript,AP/AC was less affected by other sources of pollution and had higher specificity.In conclusion,the advantages and disadvantages of each organic biomarker can be synthetically considered in terms of biomass source analysis in order to improve accuracy,and acephenanthrylene was a better choice than other biomarkers.

关 键 词：生物质燃烧 大气颗粒物 示踪化合物 左旋葡聚糖 醋菲烯 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]