冀西北典型北方小城镇污水处理厂中抗生素的分布和去除  

Distribution and Treatment of Antibiotics in Typical WWTPs in Small Towns in China

作　　者：柴玉峰[1,2] 张玉秀 陈梅雪[2,3] 王瑞[2,3] 柳蒙蒙[2,3] 郑嘉熹[2,3] 魏源送[2,3,4] CHAI Yu-feng;ZHANG Yu-xiu;CHEN Mei-xue;WANG Rui;LIU Meng-meng;ZHENG Jia-xi;WEI Yuan-song(School of Chemical ＆ Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing 100083, China;State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eeo-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China;Department of Water Pollution Control, Research Center for Eeo-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China;Institute of Energy, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330029, China)

机构地区：[1]中国矿业大学(北京)化学与环境工程学院,北京100083 [2]中国科学院生态环境研究中心环境模拟与污染控制国家重点联合实验室,北京100085 [3]中国科学院生态环境研究中心水污染控制实验室,北京100085 [4]江西省科学院能源所,南昌330029

出　　处：《环境科学》2018年第6期2724-2731,共8页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家水污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2013ZX07312-001;2015ZX07203-007-003);国家自然科学基金项目(41501513;21577161);中央高校基本科研业务费专项(2010YH05);国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0501405)

摘　　要：抗生素在环境中作为一种新型污染物,是目前污水处理厂中重要的污染物之一.为考察小城镇污水处理厂对抗生素的去除效果,选择3种典型小城镇污水处理工艺(CASS、A^2/O及Orbal氧化沟工艺),研究了4种四环素类、3种β-内酰胺类、4种大环内酯类、3种喹诺酮类和2种磺胺类在进出水中的浓度分布、去除情况以及不同工艺抗生素去除效率,并对抗生素浓度与水质常规指标的相关性进行分析.结果表明,所研究的污水处理厂中氧氟沙星和诺氟沙星为主要抗生素,并且去除效果较好.5个污水处理厂运行情况良好,CASS工艺和Orbal氧化沟工艺对大部分抗生素的去除效果比A^2/O工艺好,抗生素去除率均能达到60%以上.同时,发现CASS工艺和A^2/O工艺对β-内酰胺类(氨苄西林、青霉素)、喹诺酮类(恩诺沙星、氧氟沙星和诺氟沙星)和大环内酯类(克拉霉素)的去除效果最好,Orbal氧化沟工艺对四环素类(四环素、土霉素)和磺胺类(磺胺嘧啶)的去除效果最好.将抗生素浓度和水质基本参数(NH_4^+-N、TN、COD、pH等)进行相关性分析后,发现抗生素浓度与水质基本参数NH_4^+-N、COD呈一定正相关,污染物浓度越高,红霉素(EM)、罗红霉素(ROX)、差向四环素盐酸盐(ETC)、克拉霉素(CLR)、环丙沙星(CIP)、氧氟沙星(OFX)、差向土霉素(E-OTC)、四环素(TC)、土霉素(OTC)以及诺氟沙星(NOR)的浓度也相对更高,这为确保小城镇污水厂的稳定运行,降低抗生素类污染物的生态风险提供了重要参考.As a new,persistent pollutant in the environment,antibiotics are one of the most important pollutants in sewage treatment plants.The objective of this work was to investigate the concentration distribution and removal efficiency of antibiotics for three typical wastewater treatment technologies applied in small towns（CASS,A2/O,and Orbal oxidation ditch） using solid phase extraction-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.Sixteen typical antibiotics,including four tetracyclines,three β-lactams,four macrolides,three quinolones,and two sulfonamides,were analyzed in the influent and effluent.In addition,the relationship between the presence of antibiotics and the basic water quality（NH4＋-N,TN,COD,pH,etc.） in the WWTPs was analyzed.The results showed that ofloxacin（OFX） and norfloxacin（NOR） were the main antibiotics in the WWTPs in this study.However,the concentrations of these two antibiotics in the effluent were low,indicating effective antibiotic removal efficiency.The antibiotic removal efficiency was higher than 60% in five of the WWTPs.Compared with the A2/O process,the CASS and Orbal oxidation ditch technologies resulted in higher removals of most of the antibiotics.In addition,the CASS and A2/O processes worked best for the removal of β-lactam [ampicillin（AMP） and penicillin（PCN） ],quinolones（ENR,NOR,and OFX）,and macrolide（CLR）,while the Orbal oxidation ditch worked best for the removal of tetracyclines（TC and OTC） and sulfonamides [sulfadiazine（SD） ].The correlation between antibioticconcentration and the basic parameters of water quality（NH4＋-N,TN,COD,pH,etc.） was analyzed,and it was found that the water quality parameters had some effect on the concentration of antibiotics.With higher concentrations of the basic water quality parameters,higher the concentration of erythromycin（EM）,roxithromycin（ROX）,4-epi-Tetracycline（E-TC）,clarithromycin（CLR）,ciprofloxacin（CIP）,ofloxacin（OFX）,epioxytetracycline（E-OTC）,tetracyclines（TC）

关 键 词：小城镇 污水处理厂 高效液相色谱-质谱联用法 抗生素 抗生素分布特征 进水和出水 

分 类 号：X703.1[环境科学与工程—环境工程]