我国男女三级跳远运动员三跳比例及对成绩的影响  

Phase Ratio of Three Jumps and the Effect on Performance of Chinese Triple Jumpers

作　　者：高寒 李翰君[2] GAO Han;LI Han-jun(Physical Education Department, Capital University of Economics and Business, Beijing 100070, China;Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China)

机构地区：[1]首都经济贸易大学体育部,北京100070 [2]北京体育大学,北京100084

出　　处：《北京体育大学学报》2018年第4期111-115,共5页Journal of Beijing Sport University

基　　金：国家体育总局重点研究领域项目(项目编号:2013B033)

摘　　要：本研究的目的是针对我国男女三级跳运动员的技术数据,通过调整运动员起跳时速度转换系数,模拟运动员可以达到最好成绩的3跳比例和技术类型,从而了解技术类型和速度转换系数对运动员成绩的影响。研究采用平面摄像与解析的方法,选取我国三级跳远运动员男子7名和女子6名的比赛技术数据进行分析。应用Yu(1999)开发的三级跳模型对不同速度转换系数条件下3次跳跃距离进行模拟,分析每名运动员能够获得的最远实际3跳距离,以及相关的最佳跳跃技术类型和速度转换系数。结果显示,本研究中的运动员存在可达到最大3跳距离的最佳3跳比例策略,如采用最佳3跳比例策略,可使比赛成绩平均提高70 cm以上。速度转换系数会影响最佳3跳比例。运动员可根据自己的能力和尽量减少损伤危险的基础上选择可以达到最大3跳远度的最佳3跳比例。Based on the technical data of Chinese male and female triple jumpers,through adjusting the speed conversion coefficient of athletes＇ take-off,this study simulated the optimum phase ratio of triple jump and technical type of athletes to achieve the best performance,so as to understand the impact of the technical type and the speed conversion coefficient on athletes＇ performance. The competition technical data of 7 male and 6 female Chinese triple jumpers was collected and analyzed by two-dimensional videotapes. The triple jump model developed by Yu（ 1999） was used to simulate the 3 hop distances with different speed conversion coefficients; the farthest actual jumping distance that each athlete can get,and the relative best jump technology type and speed conversion coefficient were analyzed. The results showed that athletes had the best three phases ratio that can reach the maximum jumping distance; if they adopted the best three phases ratio,their jumping distance would increase 70 cm. The speed conversion coefficient affected the best phase ratio of triple jump. Athletes can choose the best three hop ratio that can reach the maximum jumping distance based on their abilities and minimization of injury risk.

关 键 词：三级跳技术 速度转换系数 模拟 最佳3跳比例 

分 类 号：G823.419[文化科学—体育训练]